BIOB 272 1st EditionLecture 37 Outline of Last Lecture Guest Lecture- MicrobesI. Bacteria Were the First Living Things on EarthII. The Tree of Lifea. The First Tree of Lifeb. The 2nd Tree of Lifec. Woese Tree of Lifeo B (A,E) Modelo Horizontal Gene Transferd. Last 5 YearsIII. Sea of MicrobesIV. Riftia- Giant Tube WormsOutline of Current Lecture Guest Lecture- The Deadly 1918 Flu Virus by EmlenI. Flu Statistics and StructureII. The Flu Virus SelectionIII. The 1918 Flu- How Spread So Fast- Missoula/ Montana StatisticsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Final Count Infected/killed- Recreating the VirusIV. 2009 Swine FluV. 2015- Current OutbreakCurrent LectureGuest Lecture- The Deadly 1918 Flu Virus by EmlenI. Flu Statistics and Structure- The ‘ordinary’ flu infects 30 to 60 million people/year- Attacks the respiratory system- 36,000 people die/year in the US due to the flu- The virus changes every year (actually changing/mutating constantly)- so have to predict what the likely outbreak will be 6 months in advance to make a vaccine that will hopefully work- Structure: The virus is round and has “spikes” called hemagglutinin= looks like a dandeliono The “spikes” bind to the surface proteins in human respiratory tract cells- it is engulfed where it can hide in our cells. It then mutates continuously because has no proofreading capabilities- usually base pairsubstitution mistakes- Exon Shuffling: pieces of bird, pig, and/or human strains get combined together. i.e. H1N1 of 1918II. The Flu Virus Selection: - The virus that mutates the fastest is the one that gets selected for, but if virus replicates too fast then kills the host therefore the virus will die too= the virus has to find a happy medium between the twoIII. The 1918 Flu- Mutant strain with high varianceo Should have killed itself off soon- but spread instead- How Spread So Fast:o War= soldiers in Kansas affected then were sent to a camp where spread the virus- then those soldiers were transferred to other camps or to war= spread across the world. Even after host dead, still surrounded by lots of people and dead bodies dealt with= infects those people=perfect selection environment with huge variance could spread= virus evolved to be deadlier and deadlier**flu adapted to the human condition of war- Missoula/ Montana Statisticso First came to Fort Missoula from soldierso Closed everything in Missoula, except barso 1/100 died with in three months in Montana- Final Count Infected/killedo 1 billion affectedo 1/10 people who got sick, died- Recreating the Viruso Able to dig up frozen lung tissue from body in Alaskao Used that to recreate the virus- found out its from a birdo Infected mice with the virus, they all died within 6 dayso The genome for the deadly flu now on the internet= open for anybody to recreateIV. 2009 Swine Flu- CDC tried to contain it right away- we failed- Spread extremely fast- but not a very deadly virusV. 2015- Current Outbreak- Currently there is a flu outbreak =H5N7**It is inevitable that another deadly flu epidemic will
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