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OU PSY 2403 - Final Exam Study Guide

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PSY 2403 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideExam 1: Freud & JungWhat are the concerns and the goals of personality theory?The concerns of personality theory are how we are all alike, how some of us are different, andhow we are unique. The goals of personality theory is to describe what humans are like andexplain why we are this way.What are Freud’s Provinces of the Mind?Freud’s three provinces of the mind are the Id, the Ego and the Superego. The Id is called thepleasure principle and involves primary processes such as reflex action and wish fulfillment, butdoesn’t require thinking. The Ego is called the reality principle and involves secondaryprocesses, which use thinking and planning. The Superego is called the idealistic principle, and itcontains your conscious, everything you were punished for, and your ego-idea, everything youwere rewarded for.What are defense mechanisms, and what are the types of defense mechanisms?Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes that distort reality and reduce tension for theego. Repression is when the ego blocks a wish or desire from being in the conscious mind.Projection is when an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior is attributed to someone else.Reaction Formation is when an impulse is expressed by an opposite action. Regression isreturning to an earlier form of expressing an impulse. Rationalization is when an emotion isdealt with intellectually to avoid emotional involvement. Identification is when a person modelstheir behavior after someone else, believing that they are that person. Displacement is when animpulse is satisfied with a substitute or another object. Sublimation is when an impulse isrechanneled into a more socially desirable outlet.What was the critique of Freud’s theories?Freud’s theories were high on generating research, but very low on falsifiability. What was Freud’s concept of humanity, as described by the dimensions of personality?Freud’s concept of humanity was deterministic and pessimistic, causal over teleological,unconscious over conscious, biological over cultural, and had equal emphasis on uniquenessand similarity.What were Jung’s levels of the psyche?Jung’s levels of the psyche were the conscious, personal unconscious, and the collectiveunconscious. The conscious was made of psychic images sensed by the ego, the first level of thepsyche that is formed. The personal unconscious is made of psychic images not sensed by theego. The collective unconscious is made of ideas from the experiences of our ancestors, andtherefore is the same for everyone.What are archetypes, and what are a few examples of Jung’s archetypes?Archetypes are a person’s inherited predisposition to respond to certain aspects of the world,residing in the collective unconscious. Some examples are Anima, the female component of themale psyche, Animus, the masculine component of the female psyche, Shadow, the animalinstincts of our pre-human ancestors, and Self, which attempts to harmonize all the otherarchetypes. What is the critique on Jung’s theories?Jung’s theories are low on guiding action and parsimony, and very low on falsifiability.What is Jung’s Concept of Humanity, as described by the dimensions of personality?Jung’s concept of humanity was unconscious over conscious, biology over culture, similarityover uniqueness, and moderate on everything else (free will, optimism/pessimism,causality/teleology). What are causality, teleology, and synchronicity?Causality is the belief that a person’s personality can be explained in terms of past experiences.Teleology is the belief that a person’s anticipations of the future must be considered if thatperson’s personality is to be completely understood. Synchronicity is meaningful coincidence, orwhen two independent events come together in a meaningful way. Exam 2: Adler & HorneyWhat is striving for superiority?It is an innate fundamental fact of life, what motivates everyone to want to work together andstrive to be the best. A superiority complex is when a person wants to be the best at theexpense of other people, rather than working together.What is an inferiority complex?Feelings of inferiority develop in infancy, and are subjective. An inferiority complex is whenfeelings of weakness overwhelm a person and prevents them from growing.What are the three types of tasks that measure social interest?The three types of tasks are societal tasks, which involve cooperation with others, occupationaltasks, which involve constructive work to advance society, and love and marriage tasks,involving relationships.What are Adler’s personality types according to his theory?The types of personality are Ruling Dominant, where a person likes to dominate and boss othersaround, Getting-Leaning, where a person gets other people to do everything for them, Avoiding,where a person avoids problems and therefore avoids failure, and Socially Useful, whichindicates that a person is healthy.What was the critique of Adler’s theory?Adler’s theory was high on generating research, organizing known data, and guiding action. Itwas low on falsifiability.What is Adler’s concept of humanity?Adler’s theory was very high on optimism and teleology, as well as high on free choice, socialinfluences, and uniqueness. It was average on unconscious influences.What are basic evil, basic hostility, and basic anxiety?Basic evil is what a child feels when his or her feelings of safety are compromised in childhoodby his or her parents. Basic hostility is the result of basic evil, repressed feelings of rageoriginating in childhood. Basic anxiety is the feelings of isolation and helplessness from thebelief that the world is hostile and the child cannot trust anyone.What are the neurotic needs and adjustments according to Horney?The neurotic needs were attempts to reduce basic anxiety, and strive for an idealized self-imageby attaining perfection or glory. There are three neurotic adjustments; moving toward people byseeking love and affection, moving against people by being hostile, and moving away frompeople by being detached from society.What was the critique on Horney’s theory?The critique on Horney’s theory was that it was low on falsifiability, organizing knowledge, andguiding


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