Impact: Improper procedure/cleaning increases bacteria on andaround udder which increases mastitis risk.Impact left: Insufficient kill time leaves bacteria on teats which increases mastitis riskImpact right: Insufficient prep lag does not allow for proper milklet down which leads to decreased milk yieldInsufficient vacuum decreases milking efficiency. Excessive vacuum leads to teat end damageGreater than or equal to 30 seconds (left) greater than 60-120 seconds (right)Ideal= 9.5-12.5” Hg (mercury); no more than 0.6” Hg drop60:40 60 pulsations per minutePulsation: Improper timing of phases decreases milking efficient, increases liner congestion, and increases teat end damage.Teat end Condition: hyperkeratosis; <1.8 and < 20%Hyperkeratosis creates hiding places for bacteria and makes cleaning difficult, which increases mastitis riskUnit alignment: Improperly aligned units cause squawks that introduce extra air into the system. Air contains bacteria which increases mastitis risk and contaminates equipment.Wash cycle: pH>/=11; temp >120*F; <4 when exits; Impact wrong pH/temperature increase residual milk/bacteria left in system which increases mastitis risk and bulk tank SPCAntibiotics: Excessive use can indicate chronically infected cows or improper treatment protocolsAlley: Manure is full of bacteria more manure means more bacteria in environment which increases mastitis riskComfort: >/= 100 sq. ft per cow Uncomfortable housing causes decreased lying time and lying in manure filled alleys which decreases milk production and/or increases mastitis risk MUST LIE DOWN 12 HRS/DAYWater Space: ~2-4inches; Some algae can cause mastitis. Havingclean water decreases risk of cows encountering mastitis causing algaeFeed space: ~24 inches; Post milking teat sphincter is relaxed and open (30 minutes). Cows should stand and eat fresh feed instead of lying down with udder in bedding/manure which contains bacteria thus increasing the risk of mastitisLameness scoring: recommend <15% (really less); lameness impairs movement and decreases overall animal health which leads to decreased production. Can also lead to improper stall use which causes decreases cleanliness.Udder cleanliness: average udder score: <= 1; Heavy amounts ofmanure on udder increases amount of bacteria close to teat sphincter which increases mastitis riskSurvey farmer: Make sure what the farmer thinks is happening on farm is actually what is happeningMessages: