PHIL 1273: Intro to Business EthicsSpring, 2015Final Exam Study GuideThe exam will test you on material we covered in Unit 3: Savan, Shaw, Bok, Duska,Friedman, Stone, and Freeman. But it also requires familiarity with ideas fromUnits 1and 2, in particular, the basic definitions of the moral theories we have studied. Thelecture notes on D2L are your best guide to the most important points in the reading.THE EXAM ITSELF IS CLOSED-BOOK.The exam will consist of thirty objective questions (ten T/F questions and ten multiplechoice questions on Unit 3 plus a mix of ten T/F and M/C questions “recycled”fromthe Unit 1 and Unit 2 exams), and six short answer questions (two on moral theory, andfour on Unit 3). The objective questions are each worth .5 point, and the short answersare each worth 2.5 points; there are 30 points total on the exam.Opportunities for reviewIn class on Wednesday (April 29) we will do a “review fair:” the Discussion Leaderswill stand in different sections of the classroom, and each will review the topics coveredon the exam (see the chart below). The point of the review will to go over theconceptsrelevant to the topics listed in the chart, and identify where in the reading or lecturenotes the correct answers are to be found.In your discussion section at the end of the week you will do a review activityrelated tothe short answers for Unit 3.For the “recycled” objective questions, you should study by reviewing the Unit 1 andUnit 2 exams. You should be able to see the questions and the correct answers. Thereare discussion boards set up on the main D2L site on which you can post questions ifyou do not understand any of those answers. I will monitor those boards and postexplanations during the “review fair” to be held in class on Wednesday.For the short answers on moral theory there is also a discussion board on themain D2Lsite; I will respond to questions on that board.NOTE: I will only respond to questions posted on the D2L board by 9:00 AM on Friday,May 1.I encourage you to study in groups with friends in the class. Though I hope that youwill help each other improve your understanding of the course material, youranswersto the exam questions must be your own work.Objective questions on Unit 3The chart below shows the six topics covered un Unit 3 (one per column), and the moraltheory approaches taken toward those topics (one per row). The cells in the chart showthe author(s) who discuss the given topic (column) in terms of the given theory (row).The objective questions will test your understanding of how the six topics can beanalyzed in terms of the moral theories. In some cases the questions refer to an author’suse of a theory to support a position on a topic.To prepare for the test you should go through the chart column by column, and thinkabout the main points made on the given topic from the perspective of each theory.Note that in some cases a given theory can be used both to support and to critique anissue—e.g. there are utilitarian arguments both for and against Affirmative Action. Theauthors indicated in the cells are the main source for the ideas you need to answer thetest questions. But in all cases the lecture notes on D2L are your best guide to what ismost relevant in the readings.AdvertisingSexualHarassmentComparableWorthAffirmativeActionWhistleblowingSocialResponsibilityUtilitarianism Notes Shaw Shaw Shaw BokDuskaFriedmanStoneDeontologicalEthicsSavan Shaw Shaw Shaw BokFriedmanStoneFreemanVirtue Ethics SavanNotesNotes N/A N/A BokDuskaFriedmanShort answer questions on Unit 3The short answer questions will ask you to analyze two short quotes from theUnit 3authors. Your analysis will be given in answers to two questions (for each quote—fouranswers total). You will say 1) what moral issue the quote addresses, and restate it inyour own words, making clear how the author supports the position he or shepresents(which may or may not be hir or her own position); and 2) explain how the quote usesan idea drawn from one of the three moral theories, and how that idea worksin theargument in the quote.Following is a list of ten quotes from which the exam will be drawn. You will see fourquotes on your exam, drawn at random (everyone will receive their own fourquestions). You will then choose two of those four to answer. HOWEVER: you may notdo two questions on the same issue (e.g. you may not do two questions on AffirmativeAction)—if you do you will receive credit only for the first one.To prepare for the test you should review each quote in its context in the reading, andyou should review the notes on D2L that deal with the given author. And you shouldthink about how to restate the quote in your own words, and how to explain how itshows a pattern of reasoning found in a moral theory.Quote 1: All advertising tells lies, but there are little lies and there are big lies. Little lie:This beer tastes great. Not all ads tell little lies—they're more likely to be legallyactionable (while big lies by definition aren't). And many products do live up to theirmodest material claims: This car runs. But all ads must tell big lies: This car will attractbabes and make others slobber in envy. Don't be shocked that ads lie-that's their job.(Savan, p. 343)Quote 2: Opponents of comparable worth insist that women, desiring flexible schedulesand less taxing jobs, have freely chosen lower-paying occupations and thus are notentitled to any readjustment in pay scales. Phyllis Schlafly, for one, calls comparableworth “basically a conspiracy theory of jobs…. For two decades, at least, women havebeen free to go into any occupation…. But most women continue to choose traditional,rather than non-traditional, jobs. This is their own free choice. Nobody makesthem doit.” (Shaw, pp. 441-2)Quote 3: Quid-pro-quo harassment occurs when a supervisor makes an employee’semployment opportunities conditional on the employee’s entering into a sexualrelationship with, or granting sexual favors to, the supervisor. Sexual threats are anexample—in their crudest form, “You’d better agree to sleep with me if you want tokeep your job.” The immorality of such threats seems clear. In threatening harm, theyare coercive and violate the rights of the person being threatened, certainly deprivingher or him of equal treatment on the job. (Shaw, p. 444)Quote 4: Statistics show that African Americans in particular have been trapped in asocioeconomically subordinate position. If we want