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U of A ANTH 1023 - Final Exam Study Guide

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ANTH 1023 1stEditionExam # 3 Study Guide Chapters: 11, 13 - 15Chapter 11Define and explain the terms: Social stratification, Functionalism (functionalist perspective), Conflict theory, Wealth, Class and class system, Caste and caste system, Ascribed status, Achieved status, Social mobility, Life chances, and Assimilation. - Social stratification: a social hierarchy resulting from the relatively permanent unequal distribution of goods and services in a society.- Functionalism (functionalist perspective): the anthropological theory that specific culture institutions function to support the structure of a society or serve the needs of the people.- Conflict theory: A perspective on social stratification that focuses on economic inequalityas a source of conflict and change.- Wealth: the accumulation of material resources or access to the means of producing these resources.- Class: a category of people who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economicresources, power, and prestige and who are ranked relative to other categories. - Class system: a form of social stratification in which different strata form a continuum and social mobility is possible- Caste: an endogamous, ranked and permanent group based on ascribed status.- Caste system: Social stratification based on birth or ascribed status in which social mobility between castes is not possible- Ascribed status: a social position based entirely on birth.- Achieved status: a social position that is substantially based on life experiences.- Social mobility:movement from one social strata to another.- Life chances: the opportunities that people have to fulfill their potential in society.- Assimilation: a process through which immigrants were expected to abandon their distinctive cultures in favor of an American identity.Chapter 13Define and explain the terms: Arts, Deep play (examples of deep play), Orientalism, World art, World music, Anime, and manga. According to anthropological understanding, what constitutes art? What are Body arts. Familiarize yourself with examples of body art from the text and lecture.- Arts: forms of creative expression that are guided by aesthetic principles and involve imagination, skill, and style.- Deep play (examples of deep play): performances (like sports) that are expressive forms of culture with functions similar to other arts. Examples include: cockfighting in Bali, falcon hunting in Pakistan, football in the US, and bullfighting in Spain.- Orientalism: scholarship and are generated by Europeans, representing their views of the Middle East. - World art: The contemporary visual arts and cultural performances of non-Western peoples.- World music: world music incorporates different musical styles from cultures throughoutthe world.- Anime: animation, as in the popular culture of Japan; usually refers to animation of manga, or comic book graphic art.- Manga: Japanese comic book art.- According to anthropological understanding, what constitutes art?: Any expressive activity that goes beyond physical survival that is guided by aesthetic principles involvingimagination, beauty, skill, and style. Examples include, tea drinking in Japan, bullfighting in Spain, calligraphy in China, etc.- Body arts. Familiarize yourself with examples of body art from the text and lecture: tattoos, makeup, piercings, scarification, and any other change of the body for appearance or symbolism. Examples: henna, skull shaping, neck elongating.Chapter 14Define and explain the terms: Pillage, Monoculture plantation, Joint stock company, Colonialism,Colony, and Civilizing mission. - Pillage: to strip an area of money, goods, or raw materials through the threat or use of physical violence.- Monoculture plantation: an agricultural plantation specializing in the large-scale production of a single crop to be sold on the market.- Joint stock company: a firm that tis managed by a centralized board of directors but is owned by its shareholders.- Colonialism: the active possession of a foreign territory and the maintenance of political domination over that territory.- Colony: a territory under the immediate political control of a nation state.- Civilizing mission: the notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized.Chapter 15Define and explain the terms: Gross national income (GNI), Development, Modernization theory,Basic human needs approach, Structural adjustment, Neoliberalism, Multinational corporation (MNC), Sweatshop, Indigenous people, and Migration (Why do people migrate?). What role will anthropology play as we look toward the future? - Gross national income (GNI): the total value of goods and services produced in a country.- Development: the notion that some countries are poor because they have small industrial plantsand few lines of communication and that they should pursue wealth by acquiring these and other things. - Modernization theory: a model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.- Basic human needs approach: projects aimed at providing access to clean water, education, and health care for the poorest of the world’s people.- Structural adjustment: a development policy promoted by Western nations, particularly the United States, that requires poor nations to pursue free-market reforms to get new loans from the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.- Neoliberalism: political and economic policies that promote free trade, individual initiative, and minimal government regulation of the economy, and oppose state control or subsidy to industries and all but minimal aid to impoverished individuals.- Multinational corporation (MNC): a corporation that owns business enterprises or plants in morethan one nation.- Sweatshop: generally a pejorative term for a factory with working conditions that may include low wages, long hours, inadequate ventilation, and physical, mental, or sexual abuse.- Indigenous people: members of societies that have occupied a region for a long time and are recognized by other groups as its original (or very ancient) inhabitants.- Why do people migrate?: widespread political, economic, and social instability combined with relatively inexpensive air travel and economic opportunity have led to a boom in international migration, particularly of people from poor nations.- What role will anthropology play as we look toward the future?: with their holistic approach and


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U of A ANTH 1023 - Final Exam Study Guide

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