PSYC 1001 1st Edition Lecture 41 Outline of Last Lecture I. Memory (Con’t)a. Narrative Reconstructionb. Memory as information processingII. Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Memorya. Sensory Memoryb. Short-Term Memoryc. Long-Term Memoryd. Three processes of memoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Memory (Part 3)a. Encodingb. What is Encoding?Current LectureI. Memory (Part 3)a. Encodingi. Hermann Ebbinghaus1. Used himself as a subject (one of the biggest criticisms of his work).2. Developed: That most learning occurs at the beginning.3. Forgetting Curvea. Most forgetting occurs in time just following learning.4. Spacing Effect: Distributed study yields better long-term retainment than massed study.b. Another encoding effect:i. Serial Position Effect: Tendency to recall best the last items (recurrence effect) and first items (primary effect) in a list.1. Found that the first items were recalled better than the last items in the list. c. What is encoded?i. Meaning1. People remember words/things better with meaning.ii. Visual Encoding1. Concrete words are better remembered than abstract words.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Organizing Information1. Chunk: A unit of information in short-term memory.a. STM holds 5 to 9 chunks.2. Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable and meaningful units.a. Example: CIA FBI NRA NFL MTV 1 2 3 4 5i. Another example: Semantic Network (Word Diagrams connected by
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