PSYC 1001 1st Edition Lecture 40 Outline of Last Lecture I. Reinforcements (Con’t)a. Four basic schedules of reinforcementsi. Fixed Ratioii. Variable Ratioiii. Fixed Intervalsiv. Variable IntervalII. Chapter 8: Memorya. MemoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Memory (Con’t)a. Narrative Reconstructionb. Memory as information processingII. Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Memorya. Sensory Memoryb. Short-Term Memoryc. Long-Term Memoryd. Three processes of memoryCurrent LectureI. Memory (Con’t)a. Narrative Reconstruction: Change the story slightly, fill in the gaps, and omit details.i. Modify memory so it has a meaningful structure.b. Memory as Information Processing:i. Requires:1. Encoding: Getting information into storage.2. Storage: Retainment of information.3. Retrieval: Getting information out of storage.II. Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Memory (1968)a. External Events – Sensory Memory (info. Lost) – Short-Term Memory (info. Lost) or (rehearsal) – (retrieval happens both ways between these two) Long-Term Memory b. Sensory Memory: Brief storage of information.i. Iconic (visual): About 1 second.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Echoic (auditory): About 4 seconds.iii. Most information is lost.iv. Some goes on to short-term memory.c. Short-Term Memory (working memory): Activated memory that holds a few items briefly.i. Information that the person is dealing with at the moment.ii. Holds a small amount of information.1. 5 to 9 pieces of information.iii. Lasts about 20 seconds.1. Can be made to last longer.a. Rehearsal: Repeating information.d. Long-Term Memory: Permanent memory.i. Large capacity.ii. Lasts a long time.iii. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences.e. Three processes:i. Encoding1. Automatic Processing: Unconscious processing of incidental information.2. Effortful Processing: Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.a. Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)i. Strategy: 1. To simplify phenomena.ii. Took the meaning out of items.1. Nonsense syllabus.a. Meaningless but
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