SOCI 326 1st Edition Lecture 24Purity in an Impure WorldSociological Imagin. Papers – Due Today!1. Dropbox on eCampus now available! 2. Please turn in your (early) papers to me or take to 311 Academic Bldg by 4:30pm on Friday, 4/17 Last Time• Religion and MediaFundamentalism(s)• Definition: – Orientation to the world (cognitive & affective) – Particular worldview and ethos – Protest against globalization (since 1970s) • Two Trends of Modernity & Globalization • Change over continuity • Commercial efficiency over human sympathy • Purity in an Impure World Fundamentalism(s)• Definition • Two Trends of Modernity & Globalization •Change over continuity •Commercial efficiency over human sympathy • Purity in an Impure World These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Fundamentalism• Defined: – Orientation to the world (cognitive & affective) Fundamentalism• Defined: – Orientation to the world (cognitive & affective) – Particular worldview (or ideology) and ethos (or sense of self-identity) Fundamentalism• Defined: – Orientation to the world (cognitive & affective) – Particular worldview (or ideology) and ethos (or sense of self-identity) – Protest against globalization – rapid changes since 1970s • i.e. “the rapid growth of internationally connected economic, social, and cultural relations spurred by new communication, transportation technology, and shifts in the world economy” (Neuman 2005: 594). What is different about globalization?• How is the modern world different from the traditional world? – That is, what is different about globalization? • Two important trends… • Change over continuity • Tocqueville’s (1830s) v. Contemporary America • What has changed? – Where we live (not small towns, but big cities) – Where we work (not small firms, but big companies) – How we believe (not ascribed, shared with family and community; but achieved,what to believe or whether to believe is a choice.) – How we interact with others (not ends in themselves, but means to some other objective) 1. Change over continuity • Question for discussion: • What does it mean to value others as ends in themselves? (as opposed to means to someother objective) • 2. Commercial efficiency over human• sympathy•• • George Ritzer, McDonaldization•• – What is McDonaldization2. Commercial efficiency over human sympathy• George Ritzer, McDonaldization – What is McDonaldization? – 1) Application of Weberian-style rationality to fast-food industry – 2) Application to (all or nearly all) other sectors of the economy 2. Commercial efficiency over human sympathy• Discussion Question: • What was innovative about McDonald’s Restaurant? 2. Commercial efficiency over human sympathy• Discussion Question: • What was innovative about McDonalds? – Menu: facilitated bulk purchases (bc menu is simple) – Customers are anticipated: preparation time is minimal – Routinize interactions with customers • “Welcome to McDonalds…Would you like fries with that?” 2. Commercial efficiency over human sympathy• Some companies seek to offer “old-time” service – E.g. zappos shoes, a local car dealership Pure in an Impure World:Flight, Separation, and Confrontation• Flight: avoidance • Separation: physical, social, or symbolic Pure in an Impure World:Flight, Separation, and Confrontation• Flight: avoidance • Separation: physical, social, or symbolic • Confrontation: challenge and change the worldFlightEssenes Qumran Caves– Fled Ancient Jerusalem to caves overlooking the Dead Sea – Lived in Community – “Dead Sea Scrolls” discovered: 1946-47 SeparationHaredim• True Jews • Live in separate neighborhoods • Critical of State of IsraelSeparation• Bethany Baptist Academy (Illinois) – Separation: institutional & symbolic • Institutional Separation – Socializing children as “full-time Christians” • dress, language and demeanor – Children discouraged from close ties with non-Christians SeparationBethany Baptist Academy• Engagement – No restrictions on neighborhood – Few restrictions on professional careers SeparationBethany Baptist Academy• Symbolic Separation – Dress code • Short hair (boys); dresses & stockings (girls) • No blue jeans SeparationBethany Baptist Academy• Symbolic Separation – Dress code • Short hair (boys); dresses & stockings (girls) • No blue jeans – Vocabulary of Salvation • being saved, testify, witness, full-time Christians, born again – Separation is spiritual, not physical SeparationBethany Baptist Academy• Symbolic Separation: – Teachers & Students: testify & witness – “Total Teaching”: Using Bible lessons in all classes – “Total Atmosphere”: Extend School practices to home w/ objective of raising “full timeChristians” • Cf. Goddess movement of previous unit SeparationBethany Baptist Academy• Separation: institutional & symbolic • Objective: Engaged with the world but strive for purity Confrontation• Continuum of activities: • Violence – non-violent Confrontation• Continuum of activities: • Violence – non-violent • In the US – Pat Robertson’s presidential campaign (1984) – Jehovah’s Witnesses • “don’t fight, don’t vote, but