Psych 100 Unit Exam 3 Prof LeBreton Study Guide 3 Your exam will have 50 MC questions and covers chapters 10 12 14 and 15 Be familiar with some of the body systems that control body fat and weight gain Motivation process causes movement either toward a goal or away from unpleasant situation Drive internal state that arises in response to a need Instinct unlearned characteristic patterns of responding Homeostasis body s need to maintain balance temperature fluids etc Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation doing something because you enjoy it vs doing something for a reward Set point genetically influenced weight range that you will stay at when not trying to gain or lose weight varies 10 in either direction Basal metabolism rate at which body burns calories fixed number of fat cells Hormones also influence set point Debate psychological factors contribute to hunger and physical changes can alter set point Brain is 1 organ in determining hunger hormones chemicals communicate with hypothalamus Leptin a hormone that decreases appetite Insulin hormone that lowers glucose and stores energy as fat Glucose sugar that cells require for energy Ghrelia hunger arousing hormone emitted by an empty stomach BMI measure weight relative to height more than 50 American adults over weight Causes of obesity abundance of fast food cheap unhealthy food national portion size soda or pop nonfood food items chicken nuggets hotdogs Distinguish between Anorexia underweight by 10 15 of lowest healthy BMI Usually achieved by a severe restriction in diet and excessive exercise Distorted body perception Usually begins in adolescence Almost always female 1 4 of females age 12 40 will have anorexia Deadliest mental illness on the planet Bulimia Maintain normal body weight Binging thousands of calories in one sitting purging of food Purging consists of self induced vomiting laxatives and or excessive exercise History of weight problems issues in past Feeling out of control when binging May hoard food and or they vomit Distinguish between passionate lasts about 2 years and companionate love biological similarities between romantic love and mother infant bond same neurotransmitters and hormones are activated in the mom baby bond and adult love bond Review Maslow s hierarchy of needs self actualization esteem needs belongingness and love needs safety needs physiological needs Understand the attachment styles discussed in class secure rarely jealous don t fear abandonment Anxious ambivalent agitated worried about abandonment Avoidant distrusting avoid closeness Be familiar with different methods of research in human sexuality and the findings of this research Alfred Kinsey surveying people were engaging in behaviors that most thought were taboo women are sexual too helped men and women to better understand each other Psych 100 Unit Exam 3 Prof LeBreton Masters and Johnson sexual laboratories 60 s mapped out the physiology of sex and orgasm asserted that female and male sexuality is equal may have a problem with their sample of research subjects volunteer bias Sexual response cycle excitement plateau orgasm resolution refractory period for males only Be familiar with the issues related to sexual orientation biological links are inconclusive prenatal hormone exposure differences in hypothalamus drive center sexual orientation is moderately heritable men Homosexuality not caused by smothering mother or absent father same sex sexual child play quite common lack of proper role models learning Homosexuality documented in 450 other species besides humans and gender identity that we discussed in class experience or feeling of being either male or female or somewhere in between Intersex conditions can cause gender identity confusion Transgender feel you have been born the wrong gender independent of sexual orientation Transvestite usually a heterosexual male who dresses in women s clothing for sexual arousal Drag queen gay male who dresses as a woman for fun and show Personality stable ways of behaving thinking and feeling Understand all of Freud s theories discussed in class including his concept of personality Id Ego Superego his psychosexual stages his defense mechanisms etc Iceberg analogy the conscious pre conscious sub conscious unconscious ID selfish beast Unconscious instinctual part of us that wants to satisfy needs for pleasure and avoid all pain Libido enerpregy that sustains the life instinct life instinct needs for sex food pleasure death instinct aggressive needs The ego the self finds realistic ways to satisfy ID needs both conscious and unconscious the referee btw the id and superego The superego the perfect self opposes the ID and enforces morality and parental authority Strives for perfection angel Ways that ego deals with unconsciously threatening thoughts Repression pushing thoughts out of awareness Regression reverting to an earlier phase of development Denial refusing to admit the truth of a situation Projection placing your own unacceptable feelings on someone else Displacement directing emotions anger towards others who are not the source of your anger Reaction formation an unconscious feeling appears as the opposite when brought to awareness Stages of psychosexual development Oral stage 0 1 year ID is gratified via the mouth sucking and later biting Anal stage 1 3 ID is gratified via the anus controlling and expelling feces Potty trained Phallic stage 3 6 most important stage ID is gratified via the genitals child has unconscious sexual attraction to opposite sex parent Oedipus complex the unconscious wish of boys to kill the father Castration anxiety fear that father will castrate him if his desire for mother is found out Electra complex girls want to possess mom but realize that they have no penis so they switch feelings to dad Penis envy upsetting discovery that girl does not have penis Resolution of oedipal complex castration anxiety causes boy to repress desire for mom and identify with dad Psych 100 Unit Exam 3 Prof LeBreton Resolution for electra girl represses desire for dad and accepts that she is inferior just like her mother and identifies with mom Latency stage 6 11 sexual desire is repressed school work Genital stage 11 yrs sexual desire is renewed romantic interest in peers becomes central motive Understand some basic concepts from Neo Freudian theorists Studied with him but broke away carl jung collective unconscious contains universal experiences of humans throughout history Archetypes