Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Study Guide Your exam will have 50 MC questions and covers chapters 1 2 4 5 Be familiar with the various modern viewpoints in psychology Mind body issue Rene Descartes are the mind and body separate entities or one in the same Nativist View what are we born with Are we born with blank slate Darwin how and why did our species evolve to be modern day humans Nature nurture how much of our behavior comes from our biology and how much comes from environment Biological how the body influences behavior thoughts and feelings nervous system brain chemicals hormones genetics evolutionary psychology how adaptive evolution effects us now Learning behaviorism how environment and experience affect behavior thoughts and feelings behaviorism what we can see reinforcement and punishment behavior modification Cognitive how thoughts affect behavior feelings reasoning memory intelligence beliefs thoughts Distinguish between structuralism and functionalism Structuralists Wundt and Titchener Analyzed sensations images and feelings into basic elements introspection looking inward to describe experiences Functionalists James and Calkins Analyzed the function or purpose of behavior Darwin influenced Sociocultural how social and cultural influences affect thoughts feelings and behavior most people underestimate power of culture and society Psychodynamic how unconscious conflicts inner forces affect behavior thoughts feelings freud family of origin childhood issues Humanistic how to create a fulfilled life free will choices be all that you can be positive psychology Be familiar with the various types of psychologists including the difference btw a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist Basic psychology research publish Applied psychology finding practical uses for research divisions of APA Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Experimental psychologist focus on laboratory studies of various topics Educational psychologist research ways to improve educational systems Developmental psychologist how we grow and change throughout lifespan Industrial Organizational Psychologist Behavior in the workplace effective business practices Psychometric Psychologists Design and evaluate tests interest personality IQ School Psychologist works with parents teachers students to solve problems Clinical Psychologist Focus on understanding and treating emotional problems abnormal or dysfunctional behavior Counseling Psychologist focus on helping people with adjustment problems and helping them make career choices Clinical Psychologist PHD prepared 5 7 years beyond the bachelors degree Can not prescribe medication did not go to med school Psychiatrist Attended medical school and completed special rotations in psychiatry Can prescribe medication to treat mental disorders Understand what it means to operationally define a variable goals of psychology are to describe collect data analyze results predictwhat future trend can be predicted from data understand why they do something and modify change things for the better Theory explanation of something why Hypothesis a prediction based on the theory Operational definition how what is in question will be measured Defining a term from the hypothesis in a measurable way Descriptive studies describe and predict behavior Case Study detailed account of an individual being studied Observational studies naturalisic observation jane goodall observing chimpanzees in their habitat Laboratory observation observing marital discussion in lab Tests standarized uniform procedures for giving and scoring tests Normsestablished standards of high low scores Reliability Same similar results each time Validity Is the test measuring what it intends to measure Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Surveys self report asking people to report on their behavior attitudes widely used in psychology gather info quickly Problems people lie poor self knowledge phrasing of questions volunteer bias might be different from general population Understand how both correlational research and experimental research is conducted understand all the key terms related to both i e IV DV correlation coefficient etc Correlation looks for a consistent relationship between two things Correlational coefficient a number that describes the strength and directions of a relationship between two variables It can range from 1 0 to 1 0 A correlation coefficient of 0 means there is no relationship between the variables Postive correlation when variables move in the same direction Negative correlation when one goes up the other goes down married couple argue less marital satisfaction Correlations do not tell what caused what Independent Variable IV the variable that is controlled or manipulated Dependent Variable DV The variable that is being measured to see what effect the independent variable has had Experimental group the group that receives the IV Control group the group that is not exposed to the IV Random assignment putting research participants into control and experiment groups randomly Placebo fake treatment inactive substance Experimenter effects when a researcher effects the results unintentionally Double blind study neither the researcher or the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group Understand how to interpret a correlation coefficient if have a coefficient of 8 for height and weight that means that as our height goes up so does our weight Not perfect relationship Do not know how many pds per inch Understand and distinguish between the different measures of central tendency statistic that identifies the central location of sample data find a Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton single score that best represents entire set of scores Mean Median Mode Mean sum of scores divided by the number of scores average Median score that divides the distribution equally 50 scores below median 50 above Mode score that occurs with greatest frequency Know the parts of the neuron and what each part does Neuron a specialized cell that conducts impulses through the nervous system and contains three major parts Neuro transmitters are in Terminal button which is at the end of the axon Dendrite receives message cell body cells life support axon passes messages away from cell body to other neurons muscles or glands Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters neurotransmitters contain the message receptor sites receive the neurotransmitters Negative charge on inside positive