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UVM PSYC 104 - Final Exam Study Guide

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PSYC 104 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 5Lecture 1: Motivated BehaviorBody Mass Index ((Weight kg)/(height cm))2Obesity trendsAs time goes on more and more people are reporting in the survey and the obesity is increasing dramatically. Weight gain in the united states of America has been a lot, it is a global phenomenon but its true that America was a global leader in this phenomenon. Iclicker trendsThe center for disease control data just presented are least consistent with the idea that _______ cause obesitya. Genetic factorsb. Environmental factorsc. Interacting gene and environment factorsIs eating in response to needExperiment oneRats given three meals a daydropped lunchinititally thy responded to the increased deprivationby eating more a t dinnereventually the extra eating moved to breakfast This is because their feeding behavior or feeding strategies is not to respond to need but to anticipate need. Anticipation and prevention for starvationExperiment two When the lighting is tampered with the rats tend to eat both their biggest meals when the lights go on and when the lights go out. The reason for this is the light change which simulted the These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.two largest meals, provides a cue that allows them to adapt to the largest meal. This is a compensatory conditioned responses.Food selection I strongly influenced by learning. Learning processed are organized within the control of appetite. We have palatability shifts in which we learn to like or dislike things that are associated either with things we need or things that make us sick respectively. Cue potentiated feedingIn the presence of the tone the animals ate a lot more of the sucrose even after being satiated than the animas who hadn’t hears the tone. A lot of our eating is governed by cues and rituals in our schedule. Maybe what is happening in the cued potentiated feeding is the power of the habit factor. Similar effects in humansThe kids that were tested in the room that had been associated with food ate with a much shorter latency than the kids who had been tested in the room not associated with food. Television food commercials –what kind of impactFood commercial group28.5 grams of goldfishNon-Food commercial group19.7 grams of goldfishThe participants thought they were involved in a simple food rating. They nutritious food adds were pretty similar to the control group. It is clear from the data and the analysis supported that the snack food adds did support that there was increased food intake during the period right after the commercials.Those factors that are primed or retrieved or initiated are all controlled by television commericials Lot of interest in learing cognition and behavioral causes that are related to eating. Kessler The end of overeatingThere has been an explosion in the availabliltity in extremely palatable foods. Conditioned hypereating are CS intiaited eating prime food thoughts are associated with positive emoitons and these kinds of factors create the. Habit might take over as we eat compulsively in the presence of food and food cues. Treatment-basically extinction and habit reversalLecture 2: Motivated Behavior 2 Iclicker question o The view o Kessler emphasizes ________ in causing and potentially correcting the so called obesity epidemic  Environmental factors Learning-theory processes Cognitive-behavioral processes All of the above None of the above The toolso A cue that sets the occasion for us to do something is a discriminative stimulus. Experimentally we can extinguish between these different processes and we know that they are all involvedo Predictive cues can influence: Approach, consumption, motivation, memory and choice Approach bias: we tend to approach the cues that predict good things  How cues can influence operant instrumental actions Pavlovian instrumental transfero When they got the a stimulus, the stimulus that was correlated and predicted with food they showed an invigorated instrumental responding To expand a littleo Outcome specific way: The cue excited behaviors that are consistent with the same outcomeo General specific way: CS that predicts a kind of food can also excite other behaviors that also lead to food The smarties-popcorn experimento When the white box appeared the subjects could press either the rght key leading to smarties or the left key leading to popcorn o In the presence of the cue that predicts and outcomne you perform a behavior that leads to that outcome. A and Bo General PIT: would a food cue jst generally excite responding to popcorn this C the cashew trial. o Results: whichever food they are satiated on their preference for that food goes down and subsequently their preference to the other food goes up. This is a beautiful example of the reinforcer devaluation effecto Results of the PIT: Smarties and popocorn are outcome specific because in the presence of a cue for smarties the subjects automatically responded more for smarties andvice versa so Pavlovian cues can guide choice. PIT does not depend on the reinforcer devaluation effect.  If you look at the total amount of responding throughout the duration of this test there is more responding in the presence of cues than there is in the presence of cue d. This is what we call general Pavlovian transfer, a cue for food will excite responding to other food non discriminatively towards the type of food. The degree of responding to c over d also depended on how hungry the subjects were. So unlike the outcome specific PIT, the general PITis dependent upon reinforcer devaluation. o Summary of the smarties popcorn experiment The way outcome specific PIT the stimulus invokes a representation of the outcome. Related experiments Iclicker: you are watching tv with friends. A couple of coke commercial are presented. Your friend Scott gets up walks to the fridge and comes back with a can of Blue Ribbon. Marcia does the same thing and return with a can of coke Scott might illustrate________Marcia might illustrate _____o General: Specific Given what we know about Pavlovian instrumental transfer, cues that are associated with biologically significant outcomes can be expected to ____instrumental responding behaviors Lecture 3: Impulsivity and self-controlBehavior always


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UVM PSYC 104 - Final Exam Study Guide

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