Chaco Trade and ExchangeGreat House CommunitiesUrban Civilizations & StatesTraits of StatesArchaeological CorrelatesANTY 101d 1st Edition Lecture 33Chaco Trade and Exchange Great Houses and Outlying Communities Great House Communities-Over 100 Outliers or outlying Chacoan sites • Great Kivas and Great Houses; some with road segments • Some large, some quite small• All surrounded by communities of unit pueblos-Marshall: GH were exclusively public buildings-Non residential; functionally different from unit pueblos -Storage ceremonial activities for surrounding communities -Powers: GH as elite residences and community ritual center • Sees evidence of elites possibly colonization from Chaco Canyon • Imported goods into Chaco Canton from outlying sites• Importance of carrying locations (i.e. spiritual places)-Wilcox, Lekson, LeBlanc (others)• Elites from Mexico settle in Chaco• Chiefdom; colonization of surrounding communities1• Tribute into Chaco; threat/coercive force Urban Civilizations & States-V. Gordon Childe (1942): 10 Archaeological Correlates • data or evidence: traits all urban civilizations have -Urban centers with planned layouts -Surplus food storage -Taxes to leader or deity -Elite classes i.e. social stratification; ruler/leader(s)-Writing or Information Storage System-Mathematical and Astronomical sciences -Consistent artistic style -Long Distance Trade— import/export goods, food, resources -Craft specialization -How many of these does Chaco System have?Traits of States -Agricultural Innovations• Intensive food production; surplus -Diversification of Labor• Craft Specialization; trade2-Urbanism; true city, not a large village or town-Centralized Authority or government -Social Stratification; recognized inequality Archaeological Correlates -Irrigation canals, dams, monoculture fields, plows, food storage and & large pops
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