GHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 40 Outline of Last Lecture - St. Thomas Aquinas- European Renaissance o Build upo Declineo Italyo Humanism o Niccolo Machiavelli o Christian Humanism o Desiderius Erasmus o Printing Outline of Current Lecture II. Art in the Renaissancea. Views on Art b. Individual Art piecesc. Artists Donatello – sculpture in Florence Leanardo Da Vinci Raphael Sanzio Michelangelo o Social Hierarchies o Gender Roleso Nationalism Current Lecture- Art o Best known aspect of Renaissance o Patrons Commissions Glorify themselves and their family Some artists gain great fame Artists as a geniuso Middle agesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Only god creates Originally not valuedo View on art changes Deliberate work Creation of unique personality Individual transcends, rule and theories o Religious topics remain popular, but… o Classical themes and motifs spread Pagan gods Classical themes Features of Gods modeled on living peopleo Architecture in style of Rome Started to become popular in renaissance Religious paintings would not draw people in perfect perspective - Massive halos - Individual Portrait o Distinct genre in Renaissance o Did not reflect spiritual idealo Focused on human ideals o More realistic style - Important artistso Donatello – sculpture in Florence o Leanardo Da Vinci o Raphael Sanzioo Michelangelo - Shift of Art to Romeo Late 1500s, Renaissance shifts to Rome o Wealthy cardinals and popes wanted visual expressions of the church and their own families power / money - Artists still expected to be schooled in proper techniques o Most artists trained in older shops o Art academics established in the late 16th century o Some women were trained by their fathers but quit after marriage - Cultural Gulfo Few artists became wealthy and well-known o Most scholars and artists- Leonardo Da Vinci o True renaissance man, a genius o Famous sculptor, painter, architect, inventor, writer, etc. o Painted with a 3 dimensional feelo Applied science to many interests o Head an shoulders above everyone else- Key Social Hierarchieso Race and Slavery o Race, people, nation used interchangeably to mean ethnic, national, or religious as opposed to just skin color o Black population concentrated in Iberian Peninsulao Portugal, Spain, Italy Supplemented labor workforce Worked on sugar plantations in Atlantic Aristocrats sometimes had themselves painted with black slaved to highlight wealth - Hierarchies o Hierarchy based on wealth Concept of class starts to emerge People could now gain status through wealth o Gender Roles Debate about women o Misogynist views Women are devious Domineering Demandingo In response, books complie lists of praiseworthy women o Some authors looks at why women have secondary status- Gender Roleso Various female rule Queen Elizabeth I Displayed masculine traits in public o True Man Heads of household Unmarried men often excluded from ruling positionso Many women left unmarried until late in life Only earned ½ to 2/3 of what men madeo Gender regarded as most important distinction - Nationalism o Hundred Years War French victory consolidates France Being relegated to an island consolidates English nationalism War starts as a fight between two aristocrats - Ends as a war between two nationso French victory established France o England gets kicked off main land when they lose - Development of the nation-stateo France Drastically depopulated, commercially ruined, agriculturally weak Raised taxes Created first permanent army Gave more power to middle class men o England Suffered in 14th and 15th century Edward IV rebuilt monarchy English Kings crushed nobility Established order and law at the local level Henry VII encourages industry o Spain Group of independent kingdoms Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon Curbed power of nobility Gained power over church and defeated Arabs Greater persecution of Jews o Habsburgs Increased holdings through marriage Eventually controlled most of western Europe through marriage o Reformation Europeans highly critical of clergy - Clerical immortality - Poorly trained/barely literate priests - Clerical absenteeism- Priests, monks, nuns also exempt from taxes and military
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