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Southern Miss SHS 412 - Final Exam Study Guide

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SHS 412 1st Edition FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE In language acquisition, what are the three kinds of children?-Normal children, late talkers and children with specific language impairments.In the 1980’s, children with language-learning problems regarded as evidencing a what? However, neither of these terms is satisfactory.-Language delay or language devianceWhat is a language delay?-A means that while children may be late in acquisition, they will eventually catch up with their peers.The language encountered by children with what persists, even into acquiring literacy?-Specific language impairmentsWho indicated “if a child scores aberrantly [-1.25 standard deviation below the mean] on a language testbut does not evidence other clinical conditions [HL, mental retardation] that then child evidences a specific language impairment?-Leonard Muma indicated that there are two problems with Leonard’s definition of “specific language impairment.” What are they?-It is a psychometric definition [it is based on a language text score] and test scores that are -1.25 SD are outlier scores [lack credibility for what is presumably assessed by a test]One area that seems to have slipped between the cracks is the literature on ‘soft signs’ of possible what?-Neurological damageWhat are some minor physical anomalies that give you reason to assess for neurological damage?-Head circumference beyond normal range, epicanthal folds, widely spaced eyes, curved fifth finger, wide gaps between first and second toes. The traditional approach for dealing with phonological impairments has often been called?-Van Riper Approach What can characterize the Van Riper Approach?-Consonants that appear in initial, medial and final positions of words. Consonants were described in regard to what and what of articulation in the oral cavity?-Place and mannerErrors were described as omissions, substitutions and distortions. Speech discrimination tests were used to identify?-Sound perception difficultiesWhat are the 9 phonological processes?-Reduplication, context-sensitive voicing, consonant harmony, fronting, stopping, cluster reduction, final-consonant deletion, weak syllable deletion and gliding. What is reduplication?-When a child produces two syllables in succession [mama, dada]Most children cease reduplication around what age?-2 years oldIn early phonology, young children evidence what rule rather than cognates?-Context sensitive voicingMost children cease context sensitive voicing by what age?-2 ½ What is consonant harmony?-Some consonants may dominate a syllable, whereas other consonants may not. Most children cease consonant harmony by what age?-2 ½ What is fronting?-When back sounds such as /k/ and /g/ become fronted.Most children stop fronting by what age?-2 ½What is stopping?-When continuant sounds become stopped.Children cease stopping around what age?-2 ½ What is cluster reduction?-When a cluster of consonants should be produced but the cluster is reduced.Most children stop cluster reduction at what age?-2 ½ What is final-consonant deletion?-When the final consonant is deletedMost children stop doing final-consonant deletion by what age?-2 years and 8 months What is weak syllable deletion?-When the weak syllable is deleted.Most children cease weak syllable deletion by what age?-3 ½ What is gliding?-When the consonant /r/ sound becomes a /w/ sound Most children cease gliding around what age?-3What a phonetic difficulty?-Presumed to be a motor problem in coordinating the articulation in the oral cavity.What is a phonemic difficulty?-Presumed to be a perceptual problem in distinguishing one sound from another.The traditional intervention approach in phonology has been a what?-Reductionistic approach Therapy begins with the phoneme in isolation, followed in turn with it in what?-Syllables, words, phrases, sentences, conversational and speech. Speech should be?-Spontaneous In small groups of children who play spontaneously, the clinician can selectively?-Model utterances for children.What has been misused on many occasions?-Autism An overriding observation of people with autism or Asperger’s Syndrome is that they are what?-Socially and emotionally disconnected from othersWhat are the two major types of hearing loss?-Conductive and sensorineuralWhat type of hearing loss occurs when a malfunction is evident in either the outer ear or the middle ear?-ConductiveConductive hearing loss typically does not exceed?-60 dBWhat type of hearing loss occurs when the nerve endings of the auditory nerve are malfunctioning?-SensorineuralSensorineural hearing loss is more serious than conductive hearing loss because of what?-The forms of remediation are marginally successfulWhat has improved treatment for those individuals with a profound hearing loss?-A cochlear implant What is profound hearing loss?-90 dB or greaterInfant screening within the first six months has been very successful in identifying infants with?-Congenital hearing lossTye-Murray reported that what percentage of the children with a profound hearing loss was born to normal hearing parents?-90%The professionals in the Total Communication Camp held that individuals with profound hearing loss should be training in what?-Sign language, typically ASLIn addition to IQ values, it is appropriate to consider?-AdaptivenessThe American Mental Deficiency Association [AMDA] recognized that adaptiveness is a crucial issue. Thatassociation produced two adaptiveness scales, which are?-Institutional and non-institutional scalesTypically, spontaneous recovery [with TBI] occurs over about what time period?-6 months Spontaneous recovery [with TBI] has what?-An upside and a downsideWhat is the upside of a spontaneous recovery of a TBI?-The patients realize that improvements are occurring What is the downside of a spontaneous recovery of a TBI?-Relates to the attitudes of some neurosurgeons The populations of individuals who have a TBI are what type of population?-Heterogeneous What is concretism?-A behavior whereby an individual strives to maintain his environment in a constant change. Change is difficult to deal with.What is perseveration?-It is related to concretism. This occurs when a behavior that was appropriate in one context reappears inappropriately in a different context.What are the emotional outbursts with no apparent reason? It is as if the brain control for emotions is not


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