BIOL 1005 1st EditionExam # 4 Study Guide Lectures: 20 - 24Lecture 20 (April 9) and Lecture 21 (April 14)Air PPTWhat is the human intake of air per day? What is the background of air? What is the threshold level of air? What are the natural processes of air? What is the human influence on air? Know the atmosphere. What are the key concepts? What was the clean air legislation? What are theregulated pollutants? What are the effects? Describe human health? What are the effects of air pollution? What are the agricultural effects? What is the ozone decreased yield? Describe the materials and aesthetics. What are the indirect problems? What is photochemical smog? Describe acid deposition. So what is the problem? Describe spaceship earth. What are the probable effects?Lecture 22 (April 16)Water PPTWhat is the water issue? What is unconfined aquifer? What is confined aquifer? What is the human influence on the hydrologic cycle? What are kinds and sources of water pollution? Describe eutrophication. Describe municipal water pollution. What is the water quality today? What is wastewater treatment? Describe salinization. What is saltwater intrusion? Lecture 23 (April 21)VideoWhat are the concepts of the video? Lecture 24 (April 23)Risk PPTWhat is the decision making process? Discuss uncertainty and risk? What are the risk perceptions? How many deaths per hour of exposure are there? How do we measure risk? What is the definition of risk? How do we measure toxicity? Discuss acute vs. chronic effects. Discuss accepting risk? Discuss risk management. Discuss the cost-benefit analysis. What are internal and external costs? What are market-based instruments? Discuss MBIs. Discuss tragedy of the commons. What are the ethical world views? Discuss sustainable development.Lecture 25 (April 28)VideoWhat are the concepts of the video?Sample questions. I have not seen the test and do not know what the questions will be. I have made up these questions simply for you to test your knowledge. This should hopefully give you an idea of what you know and what you need to study. Remember, the professor specifically said the test format will consist of multiple definition, example, and list type questions.1. How much air does a human take in during a day while at rest?a. 20 LBSb. 50 LBSc. 72 LBSd. 100 LBS2. How much air does a human take in during a day with light work?a. 20 LBSb. 50 LBSc. 72 LBSd. 100 LBS3. Which of the following is not a key concept of air:a. As life evolved, the atmosphere has changed slightly, but changes are considered “natural” b. For humans, the fastest moving medium has always been the most convenient place to dispose of wastesc. We take for granted and usually don’t know what is in itd. Life is not attainable without air4. Clean Air Act was the first federal legislation for pollution control.a. Trueb. False5. The primary standards of the Clean Air Act protect:a. Human healthb. Materials, environment, aesthetics, and comfort6. The secondary standards of the Clean Air Act protect:a. Human healthb. Materials, environment, aesthetics, and comfort7. Ozone is:a. O2b. O3c. O4d. O58. The ozone layer:a. Protects us from radiationb. Protects us from UV radiationc. Protects us from photochemical smogd. Protects us from dirty air9. CFC’s interfere with the ozone reforming and allow more UV light through.a. Trueb. False10. Discussing photochemical smog, which one does not fit:a. Brownish Hazeb. NOx + Hydrocarbons + Sunlightc. Thermal inversions increase problemd. Not visible11. Discussing acid deposition, which one does not fit:a. Acid Precipitation - Deposition of wet, acidic solutions or dry, acidic particles from the air.b. Unpolluted rain always becomes pollutedc. Carbonic acid from atmospheric CO2. d. In industrialized areas, anthropogenic acids in the air often outweigh natural sources of acid.12. Two sources of acid deposition are:a. Nitric and sulfuric acidb. Hydrochloric and sulfuric acidc. Nitric and Hydrochloric acidd. Acetic and Hydrochloric acid13. Which of the following does not fit with Nitric Acid?a. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) + water vaporb. Carsc. Power Plantsd. Transportation14. Which of the following does not fit with Sulfuric Acid?a. Sulfur Oxide (SOx) + Water Vaporb. Coal fired industriesc. Power plants d. Transportation15. Global warming is the heat trapping effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other “greenhouse gasses”a. Trueb. False16. Which of the following does not fit with the Greenhouse effect?a. Light passes through windshieldb. Strikes surface of interior objectsc. Surfaces heat up and emit thermal infrared energyd. Thermal infrared can pass back through glass, so interior heats up17. Carbon dioxide is added to the environment due to the burning of fossil fuels and tropical forests.a. Trueb. False18. In the U.S. the carbon dioxide level per person per year is:a. Just over 10 metric tons b. Just over 20 metric tonsc. Just over 30 metric tonsd. Just over 40 metric tons19. Lead in the 70s and 80s fell because it was pulled from gasoline by federal legislation.a. Trueb. False20. What percent of water is freshwater?a. 1b. 1.5c. 2d. 321. Potable water is:a. Unpolluted, fresh water, suitable for drinking.b. Polluted, salt water, not suitable for drinking.22. Which of the following does not fit with unconfined aquifer?a. Usually near land’s surface. b. Lower and upper boundary is impermeable layer of clay or rock. c. Water at atmospheric pressure d. Recharged by rainfall and percolation.23. Which of the following does not fit with unconfined aquifer?a. Usually near land’s surfaceb. Bounded on top and bottom by impermeable layer.c. Water stored under high pressure d. Recharged from a geologic recharge zone24. As the price of water increases, the use of water increase.a. Trueb. False25. Which of the following is not a use for water?a. Agricultural b. Industrialc. Instreamd. Bridges26. Point Pollution:a. Source of pollution readily located and identified: Municipal and industrial waste discharge pipes.b. Diffuse pollutants: Agricultural runoff27. Non-point Pollution:a. Source of pollution readily located and identified: Municipal and industrial waste discharge pipes.b. Diffuse pollutants: Agricultural runoff28. Eutrophication is the process of becoming well fed; excessive plant growth from added nutrients.a. Trueb. False29. The Clean Water Act established a National Pollution Discharge System which