Envs 101 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I. PopulationsII. CommunitiesIII. BiodiversityOutline of Current Lecture II. Resources from the Earth SystemIII. Limits to GrowthIV. Mineral and Energy ResourcesCurrent LectureHuman history and civilization are inexorably linked to natural resources. Among theses resources there are two different categories: Renewable resources, and Nonrenewable resources. - Renewable resources are replenished at a rate faster than their consumption. They are also considered things that are capable of reforming.- By contrast, Nonrenewable resources are renewed slower than they are consumed, if at all, and these types of resources do not have the reforming capabilities that renewable resources have. Agriculture marked a major turning point and change in the way in which civilization was able tobuild and stabilize itself. Replacing the former hunter-gatherer system, agriculture became a way for cities to become established, because they had created their own reliable systems to get food, by cultivation rather than going out in search of it as through the hunter-gatherer process. Consequentially, by stabilizing this natural resource, our relationship with food began to change, and consumption increased with the facilitated access to food.Managing nonrenewable resources: Availability can only be extended through conservation, substitution, reusing or recycling. Managing renewable resources: Living resources, including fish and trees are renewable if managed properly. When resources are used at a rate faster than they are able to replenish, they are depleted. When they are used at exactly their replenishment rate, the stock is at a These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.steady state. When renewable resources become severely depleted, they can reach a point where they will never regenerate. Maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species’ stock over an indefinite period of time. It is difficult to know Earth’s carrying capacity, or if we have surpassed it. The guiding principle inrenewable resource management is sustainable development. The green revolution: Is the development of high-yield, disease-resistant seed types through bioengineering, as well as the expansion of land use and irrigation, and use of pesticides as well as fertilizers. There are limits to these increases. With global population growth, per capita yield begins to stagnate and decline.Mineral resources are extracted from something that is called an ore. An ore is a concentration of an element that is economically viable to extract. Ore deposits form with the following conditions in its favor: 1. Hydrothermal solutions2. Metamorphic or magmatic processes3. Chemical sedimentary processes4. Action of waves or currents5. WeatheringIn addition, it can take millions of years to form a proper, economically viable deposit of a mineral resource. Hydrothermal ore deposits, Placer ore deposits, as well as sedimentary ore deposits are available, but the resources that people mine for in these formations are formed deep beneath the mantle of the Earth, kilometers below the actual surface of the Earth. Except for in Placer ore deposits, where heavy mineral grains are concentrated and are obtained by sifting or winnowing through river bends to extract resources. There are also residual ore deposits that come about as a result of