BIO_SC 1010 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Ecology II. BiosphereIII. Distribution patternsIV. Dispersion patternsV. Population growth Outline of Current Lecture I. Fundamental Process of an EcosystemII. Interactions between Organisms Current LectureFundamental process of an ecosystem1. Energy flow• Passage of energy through an ecosystem • Starts from the sun• Starts solar then goes to chemical• Energy enters biotic part of ecosystem through photosynthesis• The amount of life an ecosystem can support is determined by the energy captured by the produces from the sun• Food web indicated trophic levels• Trophic level-producer: makes their own food-primary consumers: eat producers-secondary consumers: eat primary consumers-tertiary consumers: eat secondary consumersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-quaternary consumers: eat tertiary consumers-detritivores: eats dead things• Primary productivity: amount of energy that producers store and make available to other trophic levels • The transfer of energy between trophic levels is inefficient -most of the energy consumed by an organism is used for its own metabolism and is converted to heat-the only energy available to a trophic level is the energy stored in the bodies of the organisms itconsumes -therefore, only 10% of energy mover from one trophic level to the next • The more times energy is transferred, the less there is available • The loss of energy between levels explain-why there is a limit to the number of trophic levels possible -why the number of individuals decrease as you move up the trophic levels 2. Nutrient cyclingInteractions between Organisms • Within a community, species interact with members • Competition is mutually harmful• Competition may occur when two or more species in a community rely on similar limiting resources• Competitive exclusion principle, if the resources required by two species are too similar, they cannot
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