PSYC 1001 1st Edition Lecture 38 Outline of Last Lecture I. Skinner Boya. Law of EffectII. ReinforcementIII. Punishmenta. Problems with punishmentOutline of Current Lecture I. ReinforcementsCurrent LectureI. Reinforcementsa. In real life, you do not get reinforced after every desired act, or punished after every undesired act- Yet learning occurs.i. How can this happen?1. Several Factors:a. Delayed reinforcersb. Shaping: Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.c. Discriminative Stimulus: A signal that a response will be reinforced or punished.i. Example: Clever Hans (horse who was super smart in Germany).1. He was also psychic he could read peoples equations in their minds and solve it.2. Clever Hans Effect: Inadvertently cue an animal or human.d. Extinction: Gradual weakening and disappearance of a learned response.i. Reinforcement is stopped.ii. Resistance to Extinction: Organism continues to make a learned response after the reinforcement is stopped.iii. Continuous Reinforcement: Desired response is reinforced every time.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Portal (intermittent) reinforcement: Responses are reinforced, sometimes not reinforced.1. Only some responses are reinforced.2. Takes longer to learn on partial reinforcement than on continuous reinforcement, but partial reinforcement leads to resistance to extinction.3. Some people train the organism on continuous reinforcement and gradually switch to partial reinforcement.a. This is the best way to train an
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