PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I Personality II Psychodynamic Theory Outline of Current Lecture III Defense Mechanisms IV Psychosexual Stages V Five Factor Model VI Behaviorist Theories VII Humanistic Perspective Current Lecture I II Defense Mechanisms a Repression keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious i Avoidance b Projection attributing one s own thoughts feelings or motives to another c Displacement diverting feelings from an original source to a substitute target d Reaction formation expressing the opposite of true emotions e Identification aligning with a person or group to boost self esteem Freud on Development Psychosexual Stages a Erotic focus through physical stimulation in different parts of the body b Fixation failure to move onto next stage i Excessive gratification frustration ii Leads to overemphasis on psychosexual needs during fixated stage in later life c Other Psychodynamic theorists d Carl Jung analytical psychology i Personal unconscious repressed or forgotten experiences ii Collective unconscious memories inherited from ancestral past 1 Universally shared These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV 2 Comprised of archetypes emotionally charged images and thought forms iii Introversion vs extroversion 1 Introverts focus on internal world of thoughts feelings and experiences 2 Extroverts focus on external world 3 Ambivert mixture of both e Alfred Adler individual psychology i Born dependent and helpless ii Striving for superiority 1 Universal drive to adapt improve one s self and master challenges iii Compensation efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities iv Inferiority complex exaggerated feelings of weakness or inability 1 Leads to overcompensation v Birth order factor in governing personality f Evaluating psychodynamic perspectives i Pros 1 The unconscious 2 The role of internal conflict 3 The importance of early childhood experiences ii Cons 1 Poor testability 2 Inadequate empirical base 3 Sexist and heteronormative views Five Factor Model a Openness to experience i Curiosity flexibility imaginativeness b Conscientiousness i Diligent well organized dependable c Agreeableness i Sympathetic cooperative modest d Extraversion i Outgoing sociable assertive e Neuroticism i Anxious hostile insecure Behavioral Theories a Behavioral personality theory Skinner i Focus on overt behaviors ii Environmental determinism environment is very influential to who we become 1 External events determine behavior 2 Reinforcement punishment extinction 3 Free will is an illusion V iii Personality develops continually b Social cognitive theory Bandura i Emphasizes cognitive processes 1 We make choices about how we respond to the environment ii Reciprocal determinism 1 Environment determines behavior behavior determines environment iii Self efficacy belief in your own ability to perform as expected 1 Influences ability to perform iv Observational learning 1 Models influence our personality a Responses are a product of imitation b We imitate those we like more than those we do not like c Situation specificity Mischel i Focus on how situational factors influence behavior 1 People behave differently in different situations ii Situation specificity vs constancy 1 Goes against idea of personality iii Situation vs person 1 Situation short term 2 Person long term Humanistic Perspectives a Carl Rogers self theory i Self concept belief s about one s own 1 Nature 2 Unique qualities 3 Typical behavior ii Incongruence 1 Disparity between self concept and actual experience 2 Results in anxiety iii Need for acceptance 1 Unconditional positive regard congruence 2 Conditional positive regard incongruence
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