PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV Motor Development Differences in Temperament Development of Attachment Cognitive Development Outline of Current Lecture I Kohlberg s Moral Reasoning II Adolescence and Adulthood III Gender and Sex Current Lecture I Kohlberg s Moral Reasoning a Preconventional level children think in terms of punishment vs reward i Stage 1 punishment orientation 1 Heinz should not steal the medicine because he will go to jail which will mean he is a bad person ii Stage 2 reward orientation 1 Heinz should steal the medicine because he will be happier if he saves his wife even if he goes to jail b Conventional Level children recognize rules are important for society i Stage 3 good boy girl orientation 1 Heinz should steal the medicine because his wife expects it and he wants to be a good husband ii Stage 4 authority orientation 1 Heinz should not steal the medicine because the law prohibits stealing making it illegal c Postconventional level children recognize that rules are not absolute i Stage 5 social contract orientation 1 Heinz should steal the medicine because everyone has a right to choose life regardless of law ii Stage 6 individual principles and conscience These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III 1 Heinz should steal the medicine because saving a human life is of more value than the property rights of another person Adolescence and Adulthood a Physiological changes i Pubescence two years of physical and sexual maturity secondary sex characteristics ii Puberty development of primary sex characteristics iii Maturation early vs late 1 Girls who mature early and boys who mature late experience more emotional difficulty b Neural changes i Changes in the prefrontal cortex 1 More white brain matter 2 Last brain structure to fully mature 3 May be linked to risky behavior in adolescence c Problems in adolescence i Suicide attempts high ii Higher car insurance iii More crime committed more likely to be arrested iv Not all adolescents experience storm and stress phase Gender and Sex a Gender socially constructed by our environment not born with it i Man woman transman transwoman genderqueer b Sex biologically set characteristic born with it i Male female intersex c Gender identity how we feel psychologically and what we identify with d Gender expression how we express ourselves e Socialization of gender i Environmental origins 1 Operant conditioning 2 Observational learning 3 Self socialization ii Sources of gender role socialization 1 Families schools media society f Research supported gender differences i Males and females are born equal in intelligence ii Women develop slightly better verbal skills and long term memory iii Starting in high school men develop slightly better math performance iv Starting in grade school men develop slightly better visual spatial skills v Slight personality differences women more extraversion men more aggression vi As generations go by we see these differences become slimmer as women have been receiving more of the same opportunities same with other minorities vii These differences have nothing to do with intelligence levels but what different genders are more encouraged to do throughout their life and in their culture 1 Personality differences are very fed to us viii Gender dichotomy is very engrained in our culture
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