PSYCH 330 1st Edition Lecture 17Hormones and Stressstressorarousing, anything that disrupts homeostasis -stress response=calming, short/long termcortisolregulates slower stress response, negative feedback turned on and off by theHPA axis hippocampus tends to be smaller in people with depression because cortisolis misregulated & cortisol levels climb too high killing neurons in hippocampusdepressionslower return to baseline, higher base cortisol levelPTSDsensitive firing of HPA axis, emotionally learned, response is larger, negative feedback double times brings it higher than a regular baseline then falls to a baseline that is lower stress>hypothalmus releases CRF to the bottom of the brain>CRF hits axons in the pituitary> pituitary releases 2nd hormone, ACTH>ACTH travels to adrenal glands>adrenal glands release cortisol accordinglyCRF releasing cells are in the cortex/amygdala HPA axis takes awhilethe sympathetic nervous system is responsible for your immediate reaction to stress sympathetic nervous system(fight/flight) is a neural pathway epinephrine(adrenaline)responsible for what you feel first, increases blood flow/heartrate, sweatmeasure sweat through your galvanic skin responseyour behavioral stress responses are learned and thus become automaticEmotioninferred state that is context dependentsubjective feeling inferred from you autonomic or hormonal responses stress handled by hypothalamus/brain stememotion/interpretation, fear, handled by amygdala/hippocampus(limbic system) if damaged you could lose fearfear can be innate/learned Amygdalasee things>occipital lobe>from thalamus to amygdalaamygdala is a collection of nuclei, subdivided, gets input from all sensory systems(thalamus/senses)projects to brainstem/hypothalamus/prefrontal cortexsmell has a direct path to the amygdala which is why smells can remind you of thingsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Prefrontal Cortexthoughts/plans actions, anticipation damaging prefrontal cortex alters personalityprefrontal deals with rewards -tied to the brain all