Nursing 423 1st Edition Final Study Guide1. Briefly describe the dynamics of power in abusive relationships and how this isdemonstrated in the Stockholm syndrome.In psychology, Stockholm syndrome is a term used to describe a paradoxicalpsychological phenomenon wherein hostages express adulation and have positivefeelings towards their captors that appear irrational in light of the danger or risk enduredby the victims, essentially mistaking a lack of abuse from their captors as an act ofkindness.[1][2] The FBI�s Hostage Barricade Database System shows that roughly 27%of victims show evidence of Stockholm syndrome.[3] The syndrome is named after theNorrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm, in which thebank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. In thiscase, the victims became emotionally attached to their captors, and even defended themafter they were freed from their six-day ordeal. The term "Stockholm Syndrome" wascoined by the criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot, who assisted the police duringthe robbery, and referred to the syndrome in a news broadcast.[4] It was originally definedby psychiatrist Frank Ochberg to aid the management of hostage situations.[5]2. Review the characteristics and symptoms of child abuse. Design an assessment toolyou could use to help identify a preschooler, school age, and teen client who areabused.Symptoms of maltreated kids include; increased difficulty with peers, are less attached to mothers or caregivers, have difficulty understanding social roles, are withdrawn and aggressive, have fewer friends, increased suspensions and school behavior problems, display more developmental delays, greater frequency of running away and using drugs, more frequently diagnosed with conduct disorder or oppositional disorder, tend to be more depressed or hopeless, have symptoms of PTSD, have impaired physical growth, increased heart rate, scars, skin wounds, history of feeding problems, sleeping problems, nightmares, back pain, heachaches, pelvic pain, eating binges, fatigue, self-induced vomiting, abdominal pain and fibromyalgia. ????Assessment tool per age???3. List the reasons many abused partners cannot bring themselves to leave theirabusers.They might not want to tell anyone out of fear of retaliation to them or their children. They might still have strong feelings for their partner after abuse. Males might not report because they don’t consider being slapped or hit abuse or the stigma that men can protect themselves. 4.List the characteristics of the perpetrator of abuse- Keeps track of what you are doing all the time and criticizes you for little things.- Constantly accuses you of being unfaithful.- Prevents or discourages you from seeing friends or family, or going to work or school.- Gets angry when drinking alcohol or using drugs.- Controls all the money you spend.- Humiliates you in front of others.- Destroys your property or things that you care about.- Threatens to hurt you or the children or pets, or does cause hurt (by hitting, punching, slapping, kicking, or biting).- Uses or threatens to use a weapon against you.- Forces you to have sex against your will.- Blames you for his/her violent outbursts.- Abuser pacing the floor- Clenching/unclenching fists- Facial expression (glaring)- Shouting/yelling5. Discuss family patterns seen with abuse (should include information about the“conspiracy of silence”).6. Discuss cultural issues related to abuse.A culture forms not only by active endorsement of particular values, but also by passive acceptance of a certain phenomenon. US culture sends messages about the acceptance of violence and often appears to condone violent and aggressive behavior in its tacit and sometimes active portrayal of violence in the media and reluctance to curb firearm proliferation. Being raised in a low income family with scant social support can become a cultural risk factor. Living in a violent neighborhood increases the risk that a child will be involved in violence. 7. Demonstrate an understanding of: Physical abuse, physical neglect, psychologicalabuse, psychological neglect, rape, and sexual abusePhysical abuse is intentional infliction of bodily harm. Physical neglect is intended or unintended failure by a caregiver to meet someone’s basic needs. Psychological abuse is infliction of mental anguish by yelling, verbally assaulting, threatening, or humiliating and intimidating the person. Psychological neglect is failure of the caregiver to meet the person’s emotional needs. Rape is forced or coerced sexual penetration of a nonconsenting person. Sexual abuse is sexual activity without consent or the ability to provide consent. Rape trauma syndromeChild abuse/neglectSexual abuse Partner abuseKey features Two phase process:Physical: scalding, beatings,severe physical punishmentReddened or traumatized genitals, genital pain, STIs, Bruises, burns, lacerations, dislocations, sprains orPhase 1: acute phase of disorganization: asclients being to respond to the rape, fear, anxiety, disbelief, anger, and shock are common. Sleep disturbances, nightmares, body aches and pains, fatigue, loss of appetite also common. Will check windows and door locks repeatedly, scan environment, and have a increased startle response. Phase 2: long termprocess of reorganization. In this phase they work toward integration and resolution of the experience. Sexual: incest, sexual assault by relative or stranger, fondling of genitals, exposure to indecent acts, involvement in pornNeglect: deficiencies in caregiver obligation that harm the child’s psychological and physical health or both. Maltreatment: acts such as verbal abuse and belittlement, acts designed to terrorize the child, and lack of nurturance or emotional availability. bruises, scratches,or abrasions. Depression, anxiety, and withdrawal. fractures. Frequentvisits to the emergency room with unexplained traumatic injuries. Unreasonable descriptions of how injuries happened. Depressed, anxious, withdrawal or confused behavior.Passivity or anxious behavior to please health care providers. 9. complete diagram about cycle of violence. There are three steps in the cycle of violence. First is the tension building phase. This is when the abuser controls who the partner can see where they go, starts to get mad for different things. Abuser might emotionally hurt the partner; tell them they are ugly, stupid, or worthless. Next