OM 300 1st Edition Final Study Guide Ch 10 Human Resources Job Design and Work Measurement Methods Technique This analysis focuses on how a task is performed and is used to analyze movement and activities of individuals materials or machines What are labor standards These are the amount of time required to perform a specific job or task This is important to know to be able to plan effectively and determine appropriate labor requirements costs and fair work Ergonomics Study of the interface between man and machine What is work sampling This estimates the percentage or time workers spend on various tasks which requires random observations to determine how workers spend their time Standard Time Normal Time Avg Observed Time x Rating Factor Standard Time Normal Time 1 Allowance Factor Ch 11 Supply Chain Management Strategy Outsourcing The transfer of certain internal activities and resources to outside vendors typically for their efficiency in specialization What are the differences between having many few suppliers as a sourcing strategy When companies use a many supplier strategy suppliers compete aggressively with each other and the supplier is responsible for technology expertise forecasting cost quality and delivery This is typically used for commodities In few suppliers strategy a buyer forms long term relationships with few suppliers which creates value but the cost of changing suppliers is huge What is vertical integration This is developing the ability to produce goods or service that previously needed to be purchased Opportunities for an Integrated Supply Chain Accurate Pull Data Lot Size Reduction Single stage control of Replenishment Vendor Managed Inventory Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment Standardization Electronic Ordering and Funds Transfer Drop shipping and Special Packaging 4 Stages of Supplier Selection 1 Supplier Evaluation 2 Supplier Development 3 Negotiations 4 Contracting What are the types of distribution systems Pipelines multimodal trucking railroads airfreight waterways What are some ethical issues to consider in supply chain management Loyalty to your organization dealing fairly and justly with those you work with have faith in your profession Ten ethical standards to consider are perceived impropriety conflicts of interest issues of influence responsibilities to your employer supplier and customer relationships sustainability and social responsibility confidential and proprietary information reciprocity applicable laws regulations and trade agreements and professional competence Ch 12 Inventory Management 4 Types of Inventory 1 2 3 4 Raw Material Work In Process Maintenance Repair Operating MRO Finished Goods ABC Analysis This divides inventory into 3 classes based on their annual dollar volume and is used to establish policies that focus on critical aspects Class A is the highest annual dollar volume while class C is the lowest Cycle Counting In cycle counting items and counted and records are updated on a periodic basis This is typically used in combination with ABC to determine the cycle What are the elements of inventory holding costs Holding ordering and setup costs What is the difference between order quantity and reorder point The reorder point tells when to order while the order quantity tells how much to order What is the purpose of safety stock The purpose of safety stock is create a financial buffer for companies when there is uneven demand in the market Ch 16 JIT TPS and Lean Operations JIT Just in Time the continuous and forced problem solving via a focus on throughput and reduced inventory TPS Toyota Production System focus on continuous improvement respect for people and standard workplace practices Lean Operations eliminates waste through continuous improvement and focus on the customer wants What are different attributes of lean operations This emphasizes understanding the customer What is the Pull System This is the concept that results in material being produced only when requested and moved to where it is needed when it is needed What is the manufacturing cycle time This is the time between the arrival of raw materials and when the product is finalized and shipped 7 Wastes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Overproduction Queues Transportation Inventory Motion Overprocessing Defective Product Ch 17 Maintenance and Reliability What is the difference between preventative and breakdown maintenance Preventative maintenance involves routine inspection and servicing while breakdown maintenance takes place when there are emergency repairs on broken equipment What is autonomous maintenance Employees have the responsibility to observe check adjust clean and notify others on issues with equipment This helps to predict failures and even prolongs the life of the equipment Product Failure Rate FR is a basic unit of measurement for reliability FR Number of Failures Number of Units Tested x 100 FR N Number of Failures Number of Unit Hours of Operating Time MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 1 FR N