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UTC GNSC 1150 - Final Exam Study Guide

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GNSC 1150 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide 1. Give an example of what you can do to reduce energy demand in each of the four energy sectors.Commercial-Reduce the use of electricity and the use of fossil fuels and other resourcesResidential- reduce energy use to heat air and water.Industry- reduce the use of fossil fuels for energy resourcesTransportation- reduce the use of oil and petroleum.2. Explain the difference between energy and power. What are the units of each?Energy-the ability to do work.Power-the measure of how quickly energy is transferred or consumed Power/time=watts.3. Using James Joule and William Thomson (a.k.a. Lord Kelvin) as examples, illustrate theimportance of both experiment and theory in science.James Joule was provided evidence through his experimentation that heat was a form ofenergy and that work and heat could be transformed into each other.Lord Kelvin developed the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics4. What is the relationship between the supply of electricity generated by an electric utility and the demand for electricity? In other words, should the supply be greater than, equal to, or less than the demand? Explain how this relationship between supply and demand poses a challenge to the widespread implementation of solar and wind power. The supply should always be equal to the demand. However, with highly variable power sources such as solar and wind power it is difficult to be reliant on these resources. There are ways to store power for times when demand is more than the supply output. If demand becomes higher than the energy supplied blackouts can occur. The price of electricity will rise if demand starts to reach the supply limit.5. What is Faraday’s law of induction? List two important aspects of everyday life that this law makes possible. Note: You can use the definition of Faraday’s law given in the book (pg. 354), but you can also use the simpler version that I provided in class.A potential difference will be induced across the ends of a coil wire if the magnetic field through the loop is changing; the amount of voltage induced is directly proportional to the rate at which the field through the coil changes.A magnetic field changing within a coil wire induces a current.6. Given the Voltage and Current ratings of an appliance, calculate its power rating. Homework 7Voltage-120 VCurrent-10 Amps10A x 120V= 1200 Watts or 1.2 Kilowatts7. Know how to calculate the number of kilowatt-hours (kWh) used by an appliance giventhe power rating of the appliance and how long the appliance was used. Homework 75 hours of use in one week1.2Kw x 5 hours= 6 kilowatt hours8. Calculate the cost of running an appliance knowing the cost per kWh and how many kilowatt-hours of energy the appliance has consumed.Homework 7Cost= 9 cents per kilowatt hour. What is the cost of using the appliance for 4 weeks at 5 hours a week?6kilowatt hours x 9 cents per hour x 4 weeks= $2.169. Give two concerns associated with the use of any fossil fuel.a. The production of greenhouse gassesb. The growing dependence on a resource that will run out.10. Give two advantages and disadvantages of using solar power.Advantages- PV cells do not emit pollutants produced by burning fossil fuelsSunlight will last for billions of years.Disadvantages- Highly variable energy supply and power output depends on amount of sunlight.The production cost of PV cells is high which makes solar power more expensive than from other sources.11. Give two advantages and disadvantages of using wind power.Advantages- wind generators do not emit pollutants produced by burning fossil fuelsWind is produced by sunlight and earth’s rotation.Disadvantages-Highly variableenergy supplyBird mortality rate/health issues12. Give two advantages and disadvantages of using hydropower.Advantages – It is a renewable resourceHydroelectric plants can produce a steady supply of power.Dams can help control floodingDisadvantages- disturbs natural ecosystem and species.Disrupts fish migration patterns.Slow moving water can decline some species and increase in wanted species.13. Give two problems associated with obtaining the resources necessary for building wind turbines and solar panels that are also associated with obtaining fossil fuels. What are two advantages of renewable energies over fossil fuels?Idium and Tellurium is used to make advanced PV cells.Idium is rare and unevenly distributed (the U.S. has to import it)You need 400 metric tons of Tellurium to make 1GWNeodium and Rare Earth Elements (REE) are used in wind turbines and hybrid cars.The U.S. imports 90% of its ECEs14. What are three main types of radioactivity and what type of particle is associated witheach?a. Alpha b. Betac. Gamma15. What are two types of nucleons in a nucleus? What are their charges?Protons- positiveNeutrons- neutral16. What is the half-life of a radioactive nucleus, and why is knowing the half-life important for storing spent nuclear fuel?a. A half-life is the time it takes for the relative number of atoms remaining to decrease by ½. The half-life is an indication of how safe the particle is and how long it will take for the radioactivity to become safe.17. What is the main factor contributing to the presence of radon in the home? What is one of the main diseases associated with radon pollution?a. Local geology determines the concentration of radon in homes. b. Lung cancer is the main disease associated with radon pollution.18. The radioactivity exposure of a typical person in the U.S. comes primarily from what source? Is this source natural or anthropogenic?a. Inhaled radon daughters- natural.19. What is fission and what isotope of uranium is typically used in a nuclear reactor to produce a self- sustaining fission reaction?Fission is the process by which a nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei that are roughly equal in size.U-23820. What is uranium enrichment? What percent enrichment is needed for a nuclear reactor, and what percent is needed for a nuclear bomb?a. Uranium enrichment is the amount of uranium in a substance.3-4% in a nuclear reactor90% in a nuclear bomb.21. Give two advantage of using nuclear power. What are two dangers associated with using nuclear power? Use what happened at Fukushima or Chernobyl as an example ofone of these dangers. a. Advantagesi. Nuclear power is highly efficient and reliable.ii. Nuclear power does not produce any greenhouse gasses.b. Dangeri. Nuclear energy is extremely volatileii. An


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