SPTE 110 1st EditionEXAM # 4 Study GuideChapter 16: Politics and SportWhen was the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports created?1961.Who was the president who signed it into law?JFK.Why did the government become involved in sports?Because of the decrease in pickup games which means less physical activity. Also, TV became accessible in more homes. Does the government provide funding for the USOC?The government designated the USOC but it does not provide its funding. What are antitrust laws?They prevent the formation of monopolies because monopolies suppress competition and free trade.Where is the amateur sports capital of the U.S.? Indianapolis, Indiana How is sport used to promote social values?In a capitalist society, sport is used to promote competition, hard work, and winners. In asocialist society, sport is used to promote teamwork, fitness, and friendship. Sports are run by whom?International or national governing bodies.What is the difference between a federation and an association?A federation has less control, so their role is more confusing. Federations may provide guidelines but they do not have the authority to set rules or standards like an association or an organization does. Does the NCAA have unchecked control?Yes. Chapter 17: Development Through SportWhat are some benefits of sport and physical activity?Fun, better health, social integration, moral development, personal development, cognitive development. What are the benefits/challenges of sport during childhood (birth through elementary school)?Most rapid development, learn basics of skills, social interaction and rules.What are the benefits/challenges of sport during youth (middle and high school)?Transitions of many kinds; critical time for dropouts. What are the benefits/challenges of sport for adults?Form close relationships, challenge self; physical activity priority can slip. What are the benefits/challenges of sport for older adults?Social; body in decline. What are the different types of education and development programs for children and youth?1. Stand-alone sport and physical activity programs: these programs are more skill focused and foundational. They are about the sport itself. 2. At-risk prevention programs: Examples of these include YMCAs, Boys and Girls Clubs, and Up2Us. Sport is not the primary focus. They are trying to help kids who are at risk from safety, health, dropping out of school, etc. 3. Academic enrichment and sport programs: They provide a safe haven, combining school and sport. The primary focus is education, not sport. 4. Academic development and sport: Sport is used as a vehicle to develop academic skills. Sport and academics are apart of the program. For example, sport statistics areused to interest the youth in learning math or reading a story about a young athlete to help with reading comprehension. What percent of adults do not engage in sufficient levels of activity?60%What are the three core values of the Olympic Movement?Excellence, Friendship, and Respect. What is the goal of Olympism?The goal is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of humanity with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity. Where does the potential funding come from for sport development programs?International groups, multinational corporations, government groups, social organizations and institutions, and charitable organizations.Chapter 18: Deviance and SportWhat is deviant behavior?behavior that is beyond “normal”; can be good or bad. Who decides what is normal?Society.What is underconformity?Breaking the rule, not adhering to norms. What is overconformity?Internalizing the rules to the extreme.What are examples of rule breaking?Modifying equipment, committing intentional fouls, faking injuries for time-outs, participating in brawls, often done for strategic advantage. Does on-field violence lead to off-field violence?It is unclear; there is no concrete evidence. Does alcohol use escalate violence?Yes, and athletes are more prone to binge drinking.Who was Jose Canseco?He was the first baseball player to openly admit to doing steroids. Who was Steve Courson?He played at USC his senior football season in 1976 and then went to the NFL. After playing career was over, he needed a heart transplant because of his extensive PED use. Testified before Congress about detrimental effects of PED use. What are the different types of drugs used by modern athletes?1. Prescription, over-the-counter: promote healing; mask pain; risks are long term. 2. Stimulants: in use for decades; increase arousal and energy levels3. Anabolic steroids: increase muscle size, speed, and strength; improves ability of muscles to trains quickly after exhaustion. 4. Other: Human Growth Hormone, doping, amino acids. Is testosterone present in females?Yes, but just in lesser amounts. Who is the most alarming group of steroid users today?Young adolescents who have not finished developing yet. What are the different methods of administration?Orally, by injection, or topically. Who was Ben Johnson?100 m world record holder for a short period of time from Canada. Record and medal taken away from him. What percentage of female athletes are reported as having an eating disorder?33%. What are the different kinds of eating disorders?Include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, disordered eating, and compulsive exercise.What is the female athlete triad?1. Disordered eating: any sort of eating that is not “normal.”2. Amenorrhea: females having irregular or absence of menstrual cycle3. Osteoporosis: lack of certain minerals, bones become brittle which leads to stress factures and breaksWhat is hazing?Includes mental or physical harm or anxiety and demeaning or degrading behavior regardless of intent or consent.What percent of college athletes have been hazed?80%Illegal wages result in up to how much money annually?$380 billion. Are college students who gamble also more likely to engage in other risky behaviors?Yes. Chapter 19: Coaching Sport What are some suggestions for improving coaching?Establish preseason meetings with parents and players, develop organizational expectations for coaches, train coaches in effective coaching skills, develop a procedure for filingcomplaints, and develop consequences for inappropriate behavior. How many youth sport coaches are there?More than 3 million. What are some problems associated with relying on volunteers?Results in