BZ 300 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Territoriality cont…a. Defenseb. Ideal Free DistributionII. Social Behavior, Cooperation, Kinshipa. Societyb. Benefits of Living in Groupsi. Protectionii. Foodiii. Informationiv. Division of Laborv. Offspring Carevi. Thermal Advantagesvii. Locomotory Advantagesc. Disadvantagesi. Competitionii. Diseaseiii. Interferenceiv. Predationv. Increase in Inbreedingvi. Misdirected Parental Cared. Altruism/Self Interesti. Fisher (1930)ii. Darwin (1859)iii. Wynne-Edwards (1962)iv. Definitions1. Altruism2. Donor 3. Recipientv. Group Sizevi. Dominance HierarchiesOutline of Current LectureI. Exam 3 ReviewII. Social LivingIII. Dominance Hierarchiesa. Early studies of wolves and dominancei. Similarities between Dog and WolvesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Studies with wild wolvesb. Resource Holding Power (RHP)c. Aggregated NestingIV. Cooperationa. Kin Selectioni. Hamilton’s Ruleb. Reproductive Skewc. Group Selectiond. Social Contract Modele. Delayed Competitionf. Coercion/ Stolen AidCurrent LectureI. Dr. Moore spent about half of the class going over Exam 3.II. Social living: III. Dominance Hierarchies:a. Early studies of wolves emphasize dominant relationships that seem very overpowering over other captivated wolves. i. Emphasize was on dominance and majority of your relationship with a domestic dog is to show that you are the boss. ii. Dogs do things similar to wolves: protect territories and people they are associated with.iii. Studies with wild wolves show: 1. A lot less strict hierarchy2. Much less aggression3. Have completely different behavior patterb. Resource Holding Power (RHP)- do you have something the dog wants, if you do then hewill work with you. Easiest method is working with a dog that wants food. Negative attention to some dogs is even more pleasing than no attention at all. c. Aggregated Nesting- Many animals clump into one nest, why?i. Warmth, temperature and environment conditionsii. Efficient at sharing informationiii. More efficient at finding mates in clumpsiv. Creates good microclimatesIV. Cooperation: Reasons why animals should cooperate:a. Kin Selection- i. Fisher and J.D.S. Haldain first suggested notion of kin selectionii. “Happily die for two brothers or eight cousins” , form of kin selection. iii. Hamilton recognized that if you are going to be cooperative, you might as well be cooperative in a way that would benefit your relatives. They have a greater than average chance of passing those genes and fitness to offspring.iv. Two elements of fitness: Own survival and survival and production of offspring. BUT how does the investment of our relatives fit into fitness? This called inclusive fitness, which is fitness that extends beyond immediate family. v. Hamilton’s Rule: b/c >1/r yields rB>C1. r= coefficient of relatedness (number between 0 and 1). Two individual share a gene by having the virtue of having a recent common ancestor. Probability that two animals share a gene inherited from the ancestor. 2. b= benefit of recipient3. C= Cost of donorb. Reproductive skewc. Group Selection (the new form of group selection)d. Social Contract Modele. Delayed Competitionf. Coercion/ Stolen