Anth 245 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture:- Opium plants in Pakistan - Taphonomy - Key TermsOutline of Current Lecture:- Types of dependence- Drugs and society- Types of DrugsCurrent Lecture:Drugs Number of factors - type of drug - dose - route of administration o smoking, injecting, orally, etc. - frequency of administration - metabolism of individual Non-drug factors - personality of user - society's attitudes - setting in which drug is used Two different types of dependence - psychological o desire to fulfill psychological needs These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o variety of reasons need to "escape" Well-being relief from problems Improve performance - Physiological/physical o when there is a regular drug intake - effect never completely wears off o avoid withdrawal sickness Drugs and Society - Casual use-addiction - Effect on crime and society - Drugs and crime tied together - organized to gangs - Drug production countries: - Colombia, Mexico, Afghanistan - Smuggling, societal effects outside of user Colombia and cocaine - begins with necessity - 1960s: corn, rice: limited rations - Plantains, papayas failed - 1980s: drug cartels enticed farmers to grow coca - no alternative - Kilogram of base - $70,000 on the street Coca Stomping in Colombia Drug Penalties - NYS minimal possession de-criminalized - Southeast Asia: drug trafficking: o Indonesia: death penalty o Singapore: death penalty Case Study- Lindsay Sandiford, British grandmother - Smuggled 11 pounds of cocaine into Bali, May 2012 - Death penalty - firing squad - 140 people currently on death row in Indonesia, half for drug offenses Types of Drugs - Narcotics o Pain-killing substance o will produce physical dependence o depresses bodily function o Analgesics - pain relievers o Opium - milky white sap extracted form the poppy flower Morphine extract - used to synthesize heroin and codeine - Heroin o Injected o highly addictive o Carries other risks (e.g. HIV from sharing needles) o Other opiates o OxyContin (oxycodone) o Methadone - synthetic opiate o Methadone clinics - New York, New Jersey, Maryland - Hallucinogens o Marijuana Most widely used illicit drug in the US Cannabis plant Legal in Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, Washington D.C. Medical marijuana legal in several states Around the world: illegal most countries; although decriminalized in several Marked changes in normal though processes Perception Moods Long term effects on health are still largely unknown Brain cell death lung disease THC Varied THC content based on whether you're using resin, flowers, leaves, stems, roots , seeds No physical dependency BUT psychological dependency - LSD, PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy) - LSD synthesized drug, hallucination up to 12 hours - PCP synthesized in clandestine laboratories, smoked, ingested, or sniffed o "Angel dust"o mixed with other drugs - Depressants o Depress in CNS o calm irritability and anxiety, induce sleep o Alcohol o Barbiturates o Tranquilizers o Various substances that can be sniffed, such as airplane glue, model cement, or aerosol gas propellants such as Freon - Alcohol o Travels to the brain via the bloodstream o suppresses the brain's control of though processes and muscle coordination o low doses: inhibit judgment, memory, concentration, increases confidence o moderate doses: decrease in coordination, slows reaction times, inhibits thought and speech - Stimulantso Upperso Ritalino Speedo Adderallo Short Term effects Apathy Depression Exhaustion Want to use the drug again to feel energyo Long term effects Hostility or paranoia in high doses High doses also result in high body temperatures and irregular
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