ENVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Energy and Matter in EcosystemsII. Global Cycles of LifeIII. Biomes: Earth’s Major EcosystemsOutline of Current Lecture II. PopulationsIII. CommunitiesIV. BiodiversityCurrent LectureNote: A biome is a large geographic area defined by its environmental attributes. There are two basic types of biomes: Terrestrial and Aquatic biomes. - The most important attributes in a Terrestrial biome, are usually temperature and precipitation (which ends up influencing soil type).- Aquatic biomes have the following defining characteristics: their temperature, salinity, and water depth. There are obviously differences in the types and structures of organisms that live in each type of biome, also in the resources available and the basic types of food. Population dynamics is the growth and change of a population. Given sufficient energy and nutrients, life forms are capable of incredible rates of growth. For short periods, this can be exponential.Under constant conditions and constant food supply, a population will grow smoothly until limited by external factors. Through a graphical representation, this is shown through the logistic growth curve. - Anything that acts to control population growth is called a limiting factor. Limitations include: Those to food, water, space, or light, barriers to reproductive success, competition, predation, disease, and climate change. These are all different limiting factors that can be present in a given environment. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Carrying capacity: the theoretical maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported by that particular ecosystem. The ability to support a population at a particular level abundance on a long-term basis, withoutincurring serious damage to the ecosystem is called sustainability.Boom and bust oscillation: A period of rapid population increase is called a boom, and rapid declines are known as busts.- A booming population can overshoot the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. A bust can result from rapid resource depletion or form overabundance of predators. Community is a group of interacting, interdependent organisms of different species in the same environment. There are three basic interactions:- Competitive relationships (for resources), these can be both intraspecific o interspecific (within or between species). - There are also exploitative relationships, in which there can be parasitism and predation.- There are also mutualistic or symbiotic relationships, in which both organisms benefit, orone benefits without hurting the other. A species that plays a fundamental role in an ecosystem, of whose influence is much greater than might be expected given its abundance, is called a keystone species: an introduced or foreign species that outcompetes and displaces native species. The richness and variety of species of life forms is called biodiversity, which exists as both genetic diversity as well as ecosystem diversity. High diversity makes communities more resilient, more able to adapt to change, and more likely to withstand major environmental upheavals.Intrinsic value arguments: cumulative value of species and ecosystems together, and the Utilitarian (anthropocentric) argument both exist as ideas promoted with what we should and shouldn’t do with the