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UVM PHYS 012 - Special Relativity
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Physics 012 1st Edition Lecture 36 Outline of Last Lecture I. Quantum Numbersa. Principal Quantum Number (n)i. n = 1, 2, 3, … ∞ii. determines total energy of atomiii. All states with the same principal quantum number are said to form a shell.n Name1 k2 L3 mb. Orbital Quantum Number (l)i. l = 0, 1, 2, 3, … (n-1)ii. gives us the total angular momentum of an electron in its orbitaliii. All states with the same value for l form a sub shelll Name1 s2 p3 d4 f5 gc. Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)i. ml = -l, (-l+1), … 0 … l, (l+1)ii. gives us component of angular momentum along the direction of an applied magnetic fieldiii. ex) Lz = mlħ; If l = 2 then ml = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2; Lz = ħ√(6); and Lz = -2ħ, -ħ, 0, ħ,2ħ.d. Spin Quantum Number (ms)i. Can either be up (+1/2) or down (-1/2).II. Pauli Exclusion Principala. No two electrons in an atom can be in the same quantum state (all the same quantum numbers).b. Allowed quantum states for electrons up to n = 3:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.k L mn 1 2 3l 0 0 1 0 1 2ml0 0 -1 0 1 0 -1 0 1 -2 -1 0 1 2ms             c. number of electrons in an energy state = 2n2Outline of Current Lecture III. Special Relativitya. Newtonian mechanics fails to describe the motion of very fast moving objects (close to the speed of light).b. Event: a physical happening that occurs at a certain place at a certain timei. An observer need three spatial and one temporal dimension (x, y, z, t)c. For special relativity, we need to observe from inertial frames of reference (observational reference frames in which Newton’s Laws of motion are valid).i. Accelerated frame of reference is not inertial.d. Postulates of Special Relativityi. Relativity postulate: the laws of physics are the same in every inertial reference frameii. Speed of light postulate: the speed of light in a vacuum “c” as measured in any inertial frame of reference always has the same value regardless of how fast the source of light is movinge. Interpretationi. Any inertial reference frame is as good as any other one. There is no absolute velocity.ii. In relativistic mechanics, there is no such thing as absolute length or an absolute time interval.iii. Two events that are observed as simultaneous in one frame of reference are, in general, not simultaneous in another frame moving relative to the first.IV. Time Dilationa. Ex) person in a moving train (at velocity v) holding a flashlight jumping up and down to a height of hi. Time for light to go up and down for person on train = proper time = Δtp = 2d/cii. Time for light to go up and down for stationary person watching train = Δt= (2d)/(c√(1-[v2/c2])) =


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UVM PHYS 012 - Special Relativity

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