BIO 151 1st Edition Lecture 37 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Antibodies2. Diversity among antibodiesOutline of Current Lecture 1. Clonal selection2. 2 lines of cells3. Lymphatic system4. IG domain proteins5. Cellular mechanism of immune response6. 2 big issues about immune system makes antibodies7. T cell receptor8. B cells9. MHCII10. Kidney11. Cytotoxic T cellsCurrent Lecture - 4/22/15Clonal selection:- B cells that differ in antigen specificity- antigen molecules- antigen receptor- large number of cells (identical) produced in response to antigen2 lines of cells: B cells and T cells:- come from cell in bone marrow - stem cells- immature lymphocyte or fetal liver- B = bone marrow- T = thymus- crucial for amplificationLymphatic system:- plasma - red cell free blood- adenoid, tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches (small intestines), appendix, lymphatic vesicles- lymph node - masses of defensive cells- cells that have been stimulated to divideIG domain proteins:- antigen processing cells- B cells- T cells - T helper cells help B cells mature- cytotoxic T cell - divisionCellular mechanism of immune response:- immunoglobulin is immature antibody, but has crucial role, later secretes antibodies- huge variety of T cell receptorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- immunoglobulin and T cell receptors made by T cells2 big issues:- How do you make so many different antibodies?- generator of diversity- somatic recombination- unequal joining- somatic mutation- How do we amplify antibodies?- clonal selection- B cells- T cells- amplification process - clonal selection- 110 amino acids- linked together with disulfide bonds- IGs tail into cell membrane, change in alternative splicing mechanism- B cell receptors - T cell receptor - variable region, 2 polypeptide chains, alpha and beta- generator of diversity- no somatic mutation- about the same variety - increase number of possible recombination DNAT cell receptor:- is specialized so its variable region binds to peptide sequence because of MHCII- activation of T helper cells- 1st step of amplification process- clonal selection- double recognitionB cells:- membrane bound antibody- different because internalization is very specific- macrophages eat up anything, this only eat up specific antigen- secrete e-specific antibody- 2nd step of amplificationKidney:- antibodies used in defense- complement molecule - stimulated to activity by binding- blood filtered - separates big cells/proteins from little- water and salts squeezed out- purely physical filterMHCII:- antigen presenting groove (binding)- 2 polypeptide chains in membrane- alpha and beta helixes specifically bind to epitodes- molecular interactions of MHCI with peptide - it stretches out the peptide chains and allows side chains to be recognized by T receptorCytotoxic T cell:- kill cells that have gone wrong- use of CDi now- makes hole in cell- leads to cell
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