SWES 210 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture II. nuclear is a source of electricityIII. nuclear energy pros and consIV. nuclear reactors in the USV. nuclear power in chinaVI. what is nuclear energy?a. Nuclear fuelb. How U235 and 238 is extractedVII. Nuclear waste and storageVIII. 3 mile island accidentI. swedens efforts in phasing out nuclear powerOutline of Current Lecture IX. primary pollutantsX. sourcesa. naturalb. man made c. biologicald. particulatesXI. coal burningXII. volatile organic compoundsXIII. secondary pollutantsXIV.greenhouse gasesa. excess greenhouse gasesb. the keeling curvwec. smogd. ozoneXV. montral protocol vs Kyoto protocol and clean air actCurrent Lecture- Primary pollutants= emitted directly from sourceo So2o CO2o CO (largest composition of air pollutants)o NOxo VOCo Particulates (second largest composition of air pollutants)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Sourceso Natural = forest fires, volcanoes, dust stormso Manmade= CFCS from hairspray and refrigerators, industrial processes, combustion of fossil fuelso Biological= methane created from cows o Particulates= suspended in air for an extended amount of time Dust unpaved roads Lead causes nervous system damage Fly ash Soot Smoke Aerosols Red sunsets= particulates scatter light- Coal burningo SO2o CO2o NOxo Mercury compoundso Scrubber= chemically convert and physically remove pollutants before they leave smoke stake- Volatile organic compoundso Occur naturally and anthropogenicallyo Low boiling point volatileo Indoor air quality concerno Methaneo Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC)o Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)o Create photochemical smog and ozone depletion- Secondary pollutantso Formed through reactions in the atmosphereo NOx nitrous oxideso SO4o H2O2o HNO3 nitric acido CFC’s ozone depletion- Greenhouse gaseso Sustain life in earth by absorbing and emitting energy from the suno Water vaporo Carbon dioxideo Methaneo Nitrous oxideo Ozoneo Chlorofuorocarbons (CFCs)- Excess greenhouse gaseso Too much heato Melting ice capso microbes in permafrost consuming thawing carbon stores leads to increased anaerobic respirationo anaerobic= no oxygen involved- The keeling curveo Shows CO2 levels and their rising concentrations in the atmosphere- Smog= “smoky fog”o Temperature inversion- temperature increases with heighto Pollution trapped by thick warm air over cool lower layer- Ozone- O3o Protects us from space radiationo Ozone depletion in 1970so Ground level ozone effects respiratory system in humans and growth of plants and treeso Effects of air pollution 4% of deaths in the US acid rain from NOx and SO2 in us, pollution is down 63% despite growth decoupling= environmental impact and economic growth- montreal protocalo international treaty to phase out substances that harm the ozoneo 147 countries agreed, including us and china- Kyoto protocol= reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on promise that global warming exists and man made co2 emissions have caused it- Clean air acto National ambient air quality standardso State implication planso # of days with unhealthy air is