Chem 108 1st Edition Lecture 31Current LectureChapter 17: Metal Ions/ Chapter 19: ElectrochemistryIsomerism:- Structural Isomers: Compounds having same formula but different arrangement of bonds.- Stereoisomers: Compounds having same formula and arrangement of bonds, but differentspatial orientation of bonds.o This difference can also affect the color of the complex ion- Enantiomers: Geometric isomers; non-superimposable mirror imagesElectrochemistry: (Chapter 19) - The branch of chemistry that examines the transformations between chemical and electrical energy. - Reduction/Oxidation (Redox) Reactions: Reactions in which substance gain electrons (reduction) or lose electrons (oxidation)o Oxidation-reduction reactions always involve a transfer of electrons from one species to another. o The species losing electrons is oxidized, while the species gaining electrons is reducedo Net: Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) o Half reactions: Oxidation: Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e− Reduction: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e− → Cu(s) Oxidizing Agent = Cu2+ Reducing Agent = Zn(s)Electrochemical cell: - An apparatus that converts chemical energy into electrical work or electrical work into chemical energy- Cell diagram: Symbols that show how the components of an electrochemical cell are connected.- Electrodes: Surfaces for exchange of electrons. - Anode: Electrode at which an oxidation occurs. - Cathode: Electrode at which a reduction occurs. - A bridge connects the two solutions of the cell.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Cell diagram of : Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq)o Anodic half-cell: Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e− o Cathodic half-cell: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e− → Cu(s)How to write a cell Diagram:- Write the chemical symbols of the anode (at far left) and cathode (at far right) with double vertical line in middle to represent bridge between half cells.- Working inward from the electrodes, use vertical lines to indicate phase changes, and write the symbols of ions/compounds that are changed by the cell reaction. - Write phase of species (aq, g, s) or use concentrations/partial pressures (if known)o Zn(s) | Zn2+ (1.00M) || Cu2+ (1.00 M) |
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