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WVU POLS 102 - Bureaucracy
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POLS 102 1st EditionLecture 23Outline of Last Lecture:- No classOutline of Current Lecture:1. Bureaucracya. Characteristicsb. Public different than privatec. Types of federal agenciesd. What do agencies do?e. Types of policiesf. Outcomes/OutputsAnnouncements:- Extra Credit Opportunity: Wednesday, April 22nd at the Alumni Center they are showing a movie about Jay Rockefeller. Attend the showing and write a one page paper about it. If you do this you will get 3 additional points added to your lowest test grade. Current Lecture 1. Bureaucracy – agencies that are run by some level of federal government. They can be public or private organizations. Examples: Department of Motor Vehicles; Environmental Protection Agency1. Characteristicsi. Hierarchical Organizations – people are appointed into the highest positions. Few people are at the top that have a lot of people to run the organization and there are people below them, and so on and so on. There are more people at the lower level jobs, than at the high positions.ii. Possesses expertise relative to tasks its assigned1. We expect them to be good at their jobsiii. Often employs standard operating procedures (SOP’s) to carry out tasks1. SOP’s refer to rules that bureaucrats follow in certain situations2. Their intention is to promote fairness2. Public Bureaucracies are different than private onesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(But not because of rules or red tape, public and private organizations have the same amount of red tape, contrary to popular belief)i. Fewer and usually no private benefits for employees1. It’s hard for public organizations to retain profits for the private benefits of their employees.2. Therefore, public organization employees don’t have incentives(like private organization employees) to work harder or smarter.ii. Political constraints on how factors of production are used1. Sometimes we intentionally make it hard for public workers to do their jobs2. Example: When a government organization buys new computers it takes a long time and a lot of research because wedon’t trust the people we buy them from for political reasons.iii. Serve “Contextual” goals not of the agency’s choosing1. Procedural Fairness2. Political interests over others3. Types of Federal Agenciesi. Cabinet Departments (pages 358-362)1. House various agencies within one subject area2. Appointed employees3. Example: many agencies under the subject of agriculture and transportationii. Independent Agencies (page 364)1. Appointed Employees2. Example: CIA – doesn’t exist under the department of defense, it exists on its own.iii. Independent Regulatory Commissions (pages 364-368) (Especially page 366 on Federal Reserve Board) – 1. Example: Federal Reserve Board sets interest rates 2. The president appoints the employees, but they serve terms in which they can’t be removed by the president3. Their decisions aren’t politically influencediv. Government Corporations4. What do agencies do?i. Inspection and Enforcement1. Food and Drug Administration inspects food and drug manufacturers procedures to make sure they are safe and following the rules. They fine the companies if they aren’t following the rules.ii. Provide services for the public on a day-to-day basis1. E.G. – Street Level Bureaucracies2. Police, teachers, social workers3. Its hard to manage because its hardtop observe them on a day to day basisiii. Engage in Regulations1. Authority to regulate comes from laws enacted by Congress; laws hat go into the United States Codea. Make regulations that private entities have to abide by on behalf of consumers2. Regulations must be published in the Federal Register3. Become part of the Code of Federal Regulations5. Types/Functions of Policiesi. Distributiveii. Redistributive – provide benefits for people in societyiii. Regulatory – telling organizations what they can and cannot do6. Outputs and Outcomes (the productivity of agencies is directly related to how much the agency is observed)i. Can the activities (outputs) of agency personnel be observed?ii. Can the results (outcomes) of those activities be observed?- Yes, Yes for Production Agencies (Social Security Administration) – well observed outputs- Yes, No for Procedural Agencies (regulatory agencies like EPA and the military during peacetime)- No, Yes for Craft Agencies (regulatory compliance inspections – can observe outputs)- No, No for coping agencies (police, school – we are trying to cope with how to observe


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WVU POLS 102 - Bureaucracy

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