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CU-Boulder PSYC 2606 - Social Psych Study Guide Exam 3

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Social Psych Exam 3 Study Guide EXTRA CREDIT - Animal shown on quiz was a dog- Line study question – answer is A- Milgram Shock experiment – baseline – learner (confederate) in one room, teacher (subject) and experimenter (authority) in other roomChapter 9 – Social Influence- Social Influence – the ways in which people affect each other including changes in thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, feelings (occur because of the comments, actions, and presence of other people)o Conformity – you’ll change behaviors in response to direct or indirect (real or imagined) pressure from others Automatic Mimicry – tendency to reflexively mimic the way those around us are acting- Ideomotor Action – when you think about something you are more likely to do it- Preparation for Interaction – o Cultural differences in automatic mimicry?  Informational Social Influence – influence of other peoples comments or reactions as gauging information (correct, efficient, and proper)- STUDY – people sat in a dark room and had to estimate the movement of a point of lighto Alone – responses were very differento In a group – their estimations were much more similar Normative Social Influence – the influence of other people, based on a person’s desire to fit in socially and not be judged - STUDY – Asch’s Line Experiment – many confederates placed in an ‘experiment’ with onereal subject to test group conformity, at first they answered correctly, then deliberately chose the wrong line matching, subject conformed to the group although their answers were wrong- Factors Affecting Conformityo Group size – by self, less likely … ¾+ people more likely to conform (30-40% of the time)o Group Unanimity – when the group is unanimous in its agreement or noto Expertise and Status – if those with status speak first, we are more likely to agreeo Culture – interdependent cultures relates more to conformity than independent cultureso Gender – raised as a girl vs raised as a boy Expertise outweighs gendero Difficulty of the Task – more difficult/ambiguous more likely to agree with othersand vise versao Anonymity – whether or not you are anonymous, if you are less likely to conform (you are protected from judgement) Obedience – submitting to the demands (in general) of a more powerful person- STUDY – Milgram’s Obedience (shock) Experiment – people will more likely do things they would not normally be comfortable with if they are being told to do so by a person in powero →Base Line Condition Learner (planted confederate) in separate room, teacher (subject) in other room, experimenter (authority) with the teacher 65% of the teachers went all the way to 450 Volts XXX- Factors affecting Obedienceo Proximity of the teacher and the learner – psychologically or physically close, theshock value and time the shocks were delivered were much lesso Characteristics of Experimenter – if the experimenter was less authoritative or not in the room there was less obedienceo 2 Experimenters in the Room – if they contradicted each other, there was almostno obedience from the teacher Compliance – respond favorably to a direct request from another person- Norm of Reciprocity – people should provide benefits to those who provide benefits to themselveso STUDY – confederate and subject go to an art show, confederate went away to get something No soda involved – didn’t change compliance (didn’t buy raffle tickets really) Confederate got soda from the experimenter and gave some to the subject (compliance 2x increase with buying raffle tickets) Experimenter gave both soda (didn’t change compliance)- Door in the Face – 1st ask for a large request, knowing it will be rejected, then smaller request that you how will be given (usually is)- Food in the Door – start with a little request that they comply with, then people are more likely to say yes/comply with a larger request- Chapter 10 – Relationships and Attractiono Love – attraction of different combinations to create different kinds of love Sternberg’s Triangular Theory o Relationships – how to people meld together or clash Social Exchange Theory – people want to maximizeawards and minimize cost- Outcomes = Rewards – Cost- Role of expectationso Comparison Levels – how you arecomparing your relationships to yourexpectations (satisfaction)o Comparison Level Alternatives –comparing to other possibilities andhow dependent you are on therelationship What could I get out ofanother relationship compared to this one? Investment Model of Relationshipso Attraction Physical Attractiveness – decisive factor of 1st impressions because it is highly visible while the mental and emotional factors take time to divulge- STUDY – body type attractiveness – - Society tends to scrutinize women’s bodies over men’so Negative attractiveness affects a woman’s social mobility more than it would for a mano However, when a woman is extremely attractive she can also move up and downthe social ladder much quicker Halo Effect – the common belief (accurate or not) that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance- Independent Nations – physically attractive = dominant and assertive personalities- Interdependent Nations – attractive = generous, sensitive, and empathetic  Matching Phenomenon – we tend to match up with people who we believe are at a similar level of attractiveness to us- Similarity – we go for people who like things that we like because we seek approval and closeness- Proximity – more likely to go for those who are near by and attainableo Mere Exposure Effect – the more you cross paths with someone, the more likely you are to enjoy them as a person Love at first sight / Hindsight bias –  Similar people vs opposites attract?- Similarity over time? Gain-Loss Theory of Attraction – when something good happens, we attribute it quickly and feel happy for a shorter time … when something bad happens or things don’t go our way, we tend to think about it more- STUDY – playing hard to get – subjects liked the confederate more when the confederatesaid at first they didn’t like the subject and then latter grew to like the subject Reciprocity – while we tend to like people who grow to like us over time, when 2 people are involved, we like those who like us back more- General


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CU-Boulder PSYC 2606 - Social Psych Study Guide Exam 3

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