BIO 1201 1nd Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I.Exceptions to Mendelian PatternsII.Central Dogma of Molecular BiologyOutline of Current Lecture III.TranslationIV.MutationsCurrent LectureI. Translationa. Occurs in cytoplasm, specifically on ribosomesb. RNA to be translated (messenger RNA; mRNA) is transported out of the nucleus to a ribosome that follows the genetic code and reads the mRNA sequence to synthesize a chain of amino acidsi. Codon: 3-letter code that specifies amino acids—redundant because multiple codons can represent the same amino acidii. Start codon: AUG; tells ribosomes to start codingiii. Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UAAiv. Genetic code is universalc. The ribosome scans mRNA until it finds a start codon d. At the start codon the ribosome adds a methionine then moves to the next codon and adds the next amino acid; continues this process until it hits a stop codonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Mutations via base substitutiona. May have no effect because codons are redundantb. May make a different amino acid—missense mutationc. May make a start/stop codon—nonsense mutationd. May delete a
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