HIST 105 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Beliefs II. Election of 1800III. Thomas Jefferson in Charge Outline of Current Lecture I. Rural HouseholdII. Urban Household III. TransportationIV. Industrialization - Bastard Workshop - FactoriesV. Rural Household Changes VI. Urban Household Changes VII. Gender Roles Current LectureI. Rural Household - As late as the 1830s only 7.2% of population lived in towns and cities with a population of 2500 or higher- Most people own 50-200 acres - Trade or barter Little Cash Lots of surplus crops - Jobs, home, and work = same place Men and Boys (fields, large animals) Women (small animals, garden, make cheese and butter, make clothing) Spinster (teenage daughter at spinning wheel) II. Urban Household - Artisans Sliver smith Printer Shoemaker Barrel maker - Home and work = same place - How to become artisan These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Apprentice Boy 9-14 Contract with a master craftsman Room and board, clothing, education End of contract, get money and new clothes 5-7 years - Become a journeyman Leave master and find work with a master in a related area Earn a wage and get room and board Learn new skills and then become a master craftsman - Women have two apprenticeships Dressmaking Millinery (hat making) III. Transportation - In 1815, it would cost as much to ship a ton of freight across the Atlantic as to ship it 50 miles inland - Turnpike: Point a to point b will tolls Gravel, good roads Shunpikes: avoid paying toll- Plank Roads Rotted - National Road Cumberland, MD (1818) Reach Vandalia, IL (1850) US 40/Washington Street - Water - Steamboat (1807) Robert Fulton (Not inventor, financer) Hudson River, Upstate NY Only worked on deep rivers - Western Steamboat (1811) 30 inches of water (one made it on 22 inches) Go upstream Easier to sell goods Fast, rapid, smooth (20-30 mph) Dangerous - Railroads Dangerous o 1817- Congress passes the Bonus Bill System of internal improvements Infrastructure Roads, bridges, canals Pass because of war of 1812 showed that we needed better transportation, BUT Monroe vetoes it and it dies (Jeffersonian-Republican) Federal Government involved in road building (1950) NYo 1817- Build Erie Canal o 1825- Canal Completed Along the Mowhawk River Connect Albany, NY to Lake Erie Expands trade (Indiana part of global trade) Done by local farmers and Irish (hardwork, little pay) Slaves more valuable than Irish* Profitable in 5 years, then used tolls - Once transportation is in place, you can industrialize IV. Industrialization - Bastard Workshop (first form of factory)- Purchase large quantities of raw materials- Hire more people- Deskill workers- Produce in bulk- Shoemaker- Separation of employees/employer and home/work- Factories - 1790, Pawtucket, RI- Samuel Slater Textiles, spinning jennies (machines)- First Employees Farmer’s Children Teenage daughters next- First large factories (1813) Textile All phases of production Very Successful - Boston Associates - Chelmsford, MA (rename Lowell, MA)- First factory town - Run by water - Churches (not immoral)- First workers (Farmers daughters)- Boarding Houses (regulated) Best pay, good deal Farms, families Brother’s college Save, open business Save, go home, get money 1820/1830 Work 12-14 hours a day - Change in the late 1830s- Speed up- Stretch out- More machines to tend to and they run faster- Strikes- Failed- Second failed as well- Quit- Replaced by Irish and French Canadian families - Cannelton, IN- Cotton Mill- Hired farmer’s daughters- German immigrants replaced women - Government helps Industrialization - Standard incorporation laws- Subsidies to business- Bank Regulations- PATENTS Abe Lincoln only president to hold a patentV. Rural Household Changes - Cash Crops- No more spinning (less chores)- Women spend more time on charitable works- Home and work togetherVI. Urban Household Changes - Home and Work Separate- Privacy as employees leave household- Nuclear family- Workers- Female boarding house-
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