Lecture 32Outline of Last Lecture I. The Digestive System: Liver, Pancreas, and GallbladderOutline of Current LectureI. Respiratory SystemCurrent Lecture1. Respiratory System Ia. Define nasal cavity and nares.i. Nasal cavity: cavity inside and posterior to the noseii. Nares: nostrilsb. Where are the nose hairs located, and what do these hairs do?i. Filter the largest particles from the inhaled airc. Why does the nasal mucosa warm, moisten, and filter the inhaled hair?i. So not to shock the lungs with cold air or cause the lungs to lose too much moistured. What are the names and functions of the 3 nasal chonchae?i. Superior (olfactory epithelium-smell), middle, inferior conchae ii. Creates turbulence, increasing the contact btwn the air and the mucosaiii. Water conservinge. Name the 4 paranasal sinuses and tell their functions.i. Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bonesii. Same functions as the conchaeiii. Lighten the skullf. What kind of epithelium is respiratory epithelium, and how does it remove dust from air?i. Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumg. Define conchae and nasopharynx.i. Conchae: paired openings between the nasal cavity and the nasropharynxii. Nasopharynx: dust-filtering respiratory epitheliumh. What kind of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?i. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cellsi. Into which part of the pharynx do the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tubes open?i. Side wall of the nasopharynxj. What are the basic functions of the larynx?i. Regulates the amount of air entering the trachea and lungsii. Controls aspects of sound production and speechiii. A valve to keep swallowed food from entering the tracheak. Name and describe the 5 cartilages in the larynx.i. Epiglottic cartilageii. Thyroid cartilageiii. Cricoids cartilageiv. Arytenoids cartilages (pairedl. Which of these cartilages attach to the vocal cords?BIOL_315 1nd Editioni. Arytenoids cartilage m. How do movements of the vocal cords control some of the sounds of speech, especially pitch?i. Arytenoids and laryngeal muscles control1. Width of opening of rim glottidis => how much air is taken in2. Tension => pitch 3. Mens vocal cords are longern. Why do men have lower voices and bigger Adam’s apples than women and children?i. Looser and longer vocal cordso. What is cricothyroid tracheotomy?i. Opening an emergency airway through the lower larynx in the front of the neck2. Respiratory System IIa. Where is the trachea located?i. Begins at the lower border of the larynx and descends to the mid-thoraxb. What is the function of its cartilage rings (and the pieces of cartilage in the walls of thebronchi, as well)?i. 16-20 rings ii. Keep the trachea open iii. horsehoesc. What is the function of the elastin in the wall of the respiratory air tubes?i. Aids in exhalationd. Which main bronchus, right or left, is more likely to receive objects that are accidentally inhaled, why?i. Right bronchus because its verticlee. Name the lobes and fissures of each lung.i. R/L superior lobesii. R/L inferior lobesiii. Middle lobeiv. Horizontal fissurev. Oblique fissuref. Define pleura and pleural cavity.i. Lines the pleural cavity, the lung surface, body wall, diaphragm, and mediastiumg. Contrast the hilum (hilus) of a lung with its root.i. Hilum: the area on the medial-lung surface where the vessels and nerves enterii. Root: vessels and nervesh. Name all 5 lobar bronchi of the 2 lungs.i.j. Define bronchopulmonary segments (BPS); how do the BPS relate to the segmental bronchi?k. What is the clinical importance of the BPS?i. Infectious diseases of the tissues tend to be confined to one or more
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