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SIU REHB 205 - Dementia

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REHAB 205 1st Edition Lecture 21I. Dementiaa. What is agingi. Serious memory impairments are a sign of underlying condition1. Stereotypea. Age is associated with irreversible memory lossb. Not common for major declines in memory as we agec. Major declines in memory can be dementiab. Best ways to keep your memory i. Stay healthyii. Stay mentally activeiii. Use strategies to help rememberc. Dementiai. Can have reversible or irreversible causesii. Reversible 10-20%1. Depression 2. hypothyroidism, 3. hydrocephalus 4. Korsakoff’s syndrome (lack of B1)iii. Irreversible 80-90%1. Head trauma, brain tumors, HIV, huntingtins, ParkinsonII. Prevalencea. 11% of men over 70b. 16% of women over age 70c. Not one diseasei. Collection of symptomsii. Caused by multiple diseasesIII. Early stagesa. Can be hard to diagnoseb. Warning symptoms1. Frustrating2. Gradual decline 3. Embarrassing4. Anger5. HumorII. Alzheimer’sa. Is common cause of dementiab. 6080% of all dementia over 60c. 5.3 million Americans have ADThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Predicted that 11 - 16 million will have it by the year 2050e. People with AD typically live 8-20 years with the diseasef. Chances of AD increase dramatically the older you geti. BY age 65 -2-4% of the populationii. By age 85- 47% of the populationIII. Neuropathology - The Primary Brain Centers Affecteda. Cerbral Cortex – most cortex areas are affectedb. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert: Origin of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach)c. Hippocampus: Primary learning and memory center which uses Achd. Amygdala – center for emotion which uses Ach.IV. Neuroanatomical changesa. Neurofibrillary Tanglesi. Stringy mass that surrounds the nerve cell in the brain blocking normal cell function and leading to cell deathb. Cerebral Atrophyi. Loss of brain cellsii. Tissue shrinkiii. Wide gaps develop between brain foldsiv. 1/3 of brain may be lost by deathv. Reduced brain metabolismvi. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sLTglkfduwV. Risk factprsa. Geneticsb. Agec. Low educationd. Head injury historye. Down syndromeVI. First stagea. Progressive memory lossb. Personality changes c. Mood changesd. Loss of spontaneityVII. Second stagea. More memory lossb. Confusionc. Wandering and restlessnessd. Need fulltime super visonVIII. Third stagea. Loss of weightb. Loss of self carec. Minimal to no communication d. Health problemse. AccidentsIX. How is Dementia Diagnosed?a. Usually by a medical physicianb. Commonly used Screening instrumentsi. Trail making testii. Stroop testiii. Clock drawing testiv. Mental state examX. Treatment a. Medication: Several pharmacologicalinterventions have been tested &approved by FDA to delay progressionand help alleviate symptoms of dementiab. Behavioral: treatments to reduce/eliminatesome of the behavioral characteristics ofDementia have been empiricallydemonstrated (e.g., reduce problematicbehaviors, increase engagement inActivities, remember information, etc.)ReferencesAlzheimer’s Associationhttp://www.alz.orgDawnSeefeldt, M.A., Katy Fairchild, M.S.,& Dr. Jonathan


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