ArchaeologyWhat is it?Behavior and RemainsRichard Wetherill (1895-1899)1907 Antiquities ActNeil JuddANTY 101D 1st Edition Lecture 28 Archaeology What is it?-The study of human culture through material remains; study of material culture-Culture• a society’s learned, shared and negotiated system of meaning (ideas, values & perceptions)• also subsistence, economy, etc. (how they make a living) • Culture structures behavior— and vice versa-Material culture:• Not culture per se, but its byproduct • Artifacts, Ecofacts, features, structures, landscapes, (fields, routes), Art• reflective of belief and meaning: cosmology, gender, ritual, leadership, art and music; perception -Cultural remains= • Artifacts: items showing traces of human manufacture or use -Lithics, ceramics, metallurgy, basketry & weaving• Ecofacts: remains of biological organisms used by humans -Faunal remains (animal bones)-Botanical remains (plants, seeds, pollen)• Features, Architecture & Landscape -Kilns, cairns, ancient fieldsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Behavior and Remains -Behavior and beliefs encoded in pattered creation and use of material culture and physical environment -Context• The 3-dimensional relationship among artifacts & features in space and time• Without it lose patterning and association • Control dimensions: understand what that artifact means, how it was used and discarded Richard Wetherill (1895-1899)-Led in Hyde Expedition -set up trading post in Chaco-Later accused of unethical sale of artifacts-Chaco first “discovered” in 1849 by J Simpson 1907 Antiquities Act -Illegal to excavate, inure or destroy any historic or prehistoric ruin or any object of antiquity on Federal land-Establishment of National Landmarks for protection -Permit required to collect or excavate ruins Neil Judd-1920 National Geographic Society Research Company-Judd and Professional Archaeology (Unvi Utah)-Judd becomes curator at Smithsonian Institution -Hired Zuni and Navajo Workman-Focus on Pueblo Bonito-4 stories and 800 rooms• Largest apartment building -analogy to modern pueblos • Devolution • Presumed to be egalitarian less successful versions of the people of
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