PSYCH 1103 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Where’s the dissonance? II. Self-perception theorya. Daryl Bem III. Stereotypes and prejudice a. Processes that create attitudes also create stereotypes b. Effects of media on stereotypes c. Portrayal of women in the media d. Theories of prejudice Outline of Current Lecture I. Cognitive theories of prejudice cont. II. Implicit association test III. Reducing prejudice a. Contact hypothesis b. Caveatsc. Jigsaw technique IV. Interpersonal attraction V. Attraction a. Proximity b. Positive atmospherec. Rewarded in their presence d. Similarity e. Physical attractivenessVI. Intimate relationshipsa. Interdependence between partnersb. Commitment c. Types of love VII. Sternberg’s Love TriangleVIII. Marriage a. Marital satisfaction b. “Honeymoon-is-over” effectIX. Predicting marital satisfaction X. Marital satisfaction Current LectureI. Cognitive theories of prejudice cont.a. Implicit and explicit prejudicei. Implicit prejudice not declared, but shows in behavior II. Implicit association test a. People respond faster when valence of items agreesi. Young is positive, good is positiveii. Old is negative, bad is negativeb. What does this test reflect?i. Hidden prejudice?ii. Environmental association?iii. Research shows that IAT is independent of explicit attitudesiv. Effects can be changed by exposure to relationships III. Reducing prejudice a. Contact hypothesis i. Placing groups in contact will decrease prejudiceb. Caveatsi. Equal status ii. Structural support iii. One-on-one basisiv. Typical group members c. Jigsaw technique i. Children work as a team toward a goal ii. Workers share burden iii. People share danger, stressful conditions IV. Interpersonal attraction a. Stereotyping and prejudice derive from generalizing from category to individual b. Interpersonal attraction can be seen as its polar opposite i. Placing great value on attributes of one person c. Why do we pick that one person?d. How do individuals come to form a relationship?V. Attraction a. Proximity i. If you have a neutral or better first impression, exposure will increase liking b. Positive atmosphere i. If you meet in a positive environment, more likely to like the person c. Rewarded in their presence i. Tend to like the person d. Similarity i. Tend to like people who are similar to youe. Physical attractivenessi. Matching hypothesis VI. Intimate relationshipsa. Interdependence between partners i. Psychological effects on each other b. Commitment i. Parties are attached to the relationship and wish to remain in it ii. Investment and reward iii. Satisfaction iv. Few alternatives on horizon c. Types of love i. Passionate love 1. Intense, arousing, physical desire, deep emotional attachment, intrusive thoughts ii. Compassionate love 1. Less arousing, more intimate psychologically, mutual concern, partnership VII. Sternberg’s Love Trianglea. 3 points of triangle:i. Infatuation (passion) ii. Empty love (commitment)iii. Liking (intimacy) b. In between points:i. Fatuous love (commitment and passion) 1. Between infatuation and empty love ii. Compassionate love (commitment and intimacy)1. Between empty love and liking iii. Romantic love (passion and intimacy)1. Between liking and infatuation VIII. Marriage a. Marital satisfaction i. Index of success of union ii. Strongly predicts dissolution1. Negative correlation b. “Honeymoon-is-over” effecti. Most robust effectii. High satisfaction to lower iii. Not universal among couples, but very prevalent IX. Predicting marital satisfaction a. Personality traits and experiences prior to marriagei. Negative affectivity ii. Parental divorceb. Stressful events encountered once marriedi. Health concernsii. Financial issues c. Emotional and communication skillsi. Anger ii. Affection X. Marital satisfaction a. Personality factors, stress, negative/positive affect, and aggression all appear important b. Decline in marital satisfaction appears avoidable if some or all of these factors are in