ANT 102 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Homo erectusII. Eugene DuBoisIII. Technology Outline of Current LectureI. Homo heidelbergensisII. Morphology III. Regions Current LectureDmanisi1.7 myaAssociated with Oldowan toolsSmaller cranial capacity (750c.c.)Associated with vastly different fauna than in AfricaHomo heidelbergensis800 Ka a more advanced form of hominin appears in the fossil recordLarger brains than homo erectusShare some derived features with living humansRetain dome primitive homo erectus featuresDiverse groupLumped into the species, but not constitutes a real speciesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Does not include NeanderthalsMorphology1000-1400c.c.Widest part of cranial vault is midway up the skullRounded occipital boneNuchal region faces downwardDecreased nuchal torus Reduced prognathismBroad upper faceSima del Elefante (Atapuerca)First homo heir found in EuropeOldowan toolsAtapuerca, Spain800-300 KaSimilar to other archaics, but may have incipient Neanderthal featuresMauer, Germany534-475 KaDifficult to resolve taxonomy status based on only a mandibleType specimen of homo heirBilzingleben, Germany400-300 KaErectus traits: strong supraorbital, nuchal toriMany advanced traits cannot be evaluatedLess robust than homo erectusPetralona, GreeceLess than 200KaErectus traits: Thick brow, broad face and skull base, thick cranial wallArago, France250-200KaMany other European fossils that may belong to this group, but are fragmentaryApidima, GreeceVertesszellos, HungaryMontmaurin, FranceAzych, Azerbaijan Kabwe, Zambia200-125KaE traits: thick cranium, long and flat, massive supraorbital torus, centrally strong nuchal torusDerived features: tall cranium, parallel vault walls, modern postcraniumBodo, Ethiopia600KaLargest cranial capacity of African archaic homo sapiensBut also most like homo erectus of this group: thick cranial vault, sagittal keeling, prognosticJinniushan, China280-200Ka1390c.c.Thin cranial wallLarge brow ridgeGracile faceHomo heidelOnly consistency is that there are no consistenciesInitially Acheulean in tool technology, but develops early in Middle Paleolithic tool technology (Levallois technique)Tools of archaic homo sapiensPrepared core flaking (Levallios technique)Bifaces still used, but more advancedPaleolithic: the “Old Stone Age”Oldowan (2.6-1.5 mya)Lower PaleolithicAcheulean (1.8-200,000ya)Advent of the Levallois technique middle Paleolithic (300,000-30,000ya)Hafted tools as early as 500Ka Sharp tips attached to throwing sticks/javelinsEarliest site north of the Alps: Boxgrove, EnglandBehaviors at Boxgrove:Increased technological complexitySoft hammer percussion (bone and antler