Painting with ChemistryIntroductionPainting a canvas is difficult, however, you can’t paint a picture without actual paint. In this experiment it’ll be discovered how to make paint pigments, bind the pigments to a medium, and finally paint a canvas with the paints that were derived (Waldie, 1983). Paint consists of three main parts: a binder, pigment, and a solvent (Waldie, 1983). Binders hold pigments to a surface, and is either dissolved or suspended to the binder. Different binders include: drying oils, alkyd resins, vinyl and acrylic emulsions, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes (Waldie, 1983). Drying oils take a long time to dry, and are oils that polymerise as they dry (Waldie, 1983). The most common resin is alkyd resins, they are used for air and heat cures paints (Waldie, 1983). Vinyl and acrylic emulsions are the most common water based binders used by painters, and are used in everyday life (Waldie, 1983). Epoxy resins contain simple organic compouns, and cn have things added to give a variety to the pigment (Waldie, 1983). Polyurethanes are usedto commonly paint aircrafts, and are known to have a clean gloss finish (Waldie, 1983). (According to Winsor & Newton, cavemen were the first to discover paint pigments, however the pigments they used were natural earth colors such as yell, green, black white, and red. The Egyptians, in 4,000 BC, redefined the natural colors and also discovered other colors (Egyptian Blue) by using other minerals and vegetable dyes (Winsor & Newton, 2011). Around the same time as the Egyptians, the Chinese discovered other colors such as Vermilion. Probably one of the biggest advancements wasthe artists’ palette, developed by the Greeks and Romans, which gave rise to fully opaque whites. Pigments today include earth, traditional, and modern colors. Pigments can be used to give paint its color and finish, pigments give paints their color and determinewhat it’ll look like once dry (metallic, dull, gloss) (Waldie, 1983). A solevent is used to ensure that everything dries evenly and so that the binder will polymerise to the base (Waldie, 1983). Over the years technology has helped advance paint pigments, and help find different binders to help make a canvas. Before, paint travel through salesmen (Waldie, 1983), however modern day has shown that paint has become a giant industry, with corporations opening up in Europe and around the world. Technology has helped decrease the price of paint, and has helped make it readily available to everyone. Paint has also developed into chemistry, it’s important to understand what binders are required to get a certain finish, and what minerals are needed to create certain pigments. In this experiment it will be discovered how to create five different pigments through precipitation reactions (Whitten, 2012). Two colorless inorganic chemicals will be mixed to create a dominantly colored pigment (Whitten, 2012). It will also be discovered how toidentify four white pigments through chemical reactions, using HCl (hydrochloric acid). Finally, using an acrylic binder, the pigments will be combined with the binder to create apicture of original creation (Whitten, 2012). ExperimentThere were four parts to the experiment; creating pigment, identifying white pigments through addition of HCl, binding the pigment to an acrylic base, and finally painting a picture with the paint that was created. In the first experiment, four paint pigments were made; Barium white, Chrome yellow, Malachite blue, and Prussian blue. To make a Barium white pigment, first one milliliter of sodium sulfate was pouredinto a test tube. Then one milliliter of saturated barium chloride was mixed with the sodium sulfate in the test tube. The mixture was then centrifuged for five minutes, and theproduct in the test tube was separated. Finally, to complete the pigment, the Barium whitewas put on a glass dish to dry for two weeks. For Chrome yellow, five milliliters of 0.5M sodium chromate was poured into a beaker. Then, one milliliter of 0.5M zinc sulfate was mixed into a test tube. Drops of 6M of NaOH were added into the solution until the solution had a bright yellow color to it. The precipitate was then filtered, and the remaining precipitate was put on a dish to dry for two weeks. Malachite required five milliliters of a 0.5M solution of copper sulfate into a beaker, and very slowly 3.0 g of solid sodium bicarbonate until the entire solid had fizzedand the reaction was completed. Then, the solution was divided into two parts. The first part, was filtered and set on a glass to dry for two weeks. The remaining solution was saved unfiltered. Prussian blue required one milliliter of 0.5M iron (III) chloride to be added into a test tube. Then, in another test tube was one milliliter of 0.25M solution of potassium ferrocyanide. The iron (III) chloride was slowly added to the potassium ferrocyanide, andwas mixed well. Finally, the solution was filtered and left to dry for two weeks. To identify the unknown pigment a five by three matrix was created, there were four white pigments and one unknown (unknown D). The rows were labeled “Before Adding HCl”, “Immediately After HCl” and “15 Minutes After HCl.” A small amount of each pigment was added into a well, and observations were recorded. Next, one milliliter of HCl was added into each well and observations were recorded. All pigments were allowed to set for fifteen minutes, and then observations were recorded.For the third experiment, the pigments were added to a binder to create paint and the paint was used to create a picture. First, the four pigments were grinded with water to make a paste. The paste was then combined with the acrylic polymer in a one to one ration. Next, the paint was created and a blank canvas was obtained. The canvas was coated with a primer, and set for thirty minutes and allowed to dry. Finally, once dry the paint was transferred onto the canvas to create a picture. ResultsPart I and Part IIIFor Barium white, one milliliter of sodium sulfate was added to the test tube. When observing the test tube, it was discovered that the solution had a clear, water like state. The solution didn’t have any color to it, nor did it have any cloudiness. However, one barium chloride was added to the test tube, the solution became a milky white substance. Once centrifuged, the solution separated into two parts; one of which was clear and cloudy, and the other, which was a thick