DOC PREVIEW
SC BIOL 420 - Final Exam Study Guide

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4-5-6 out of 18 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 18 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Biol 420 1st EditionExam # 4 Study Guide Lectures: 21-25Lecture 21Biomes and Plant Adaptations (Introduction and Tropical Rain Forests)Text Reference: Chapter 32 Global Ecology (access online at):www.whfreeman.com/raven8eIntroduction to BiomesBiomes – Large terrestrial communities characterized by a prevailing climate, precipitation, and soil, and having recognizable plant and animal assemblages- Seven major terrestrial biomes Forest BiomesTropical Rain Forest – highest diversity of life, 50% of the earth, important, if you go north you reach…Temperate Deciduous Forest: pine mix, hardwood, and simplified version, temperate Northern Coniferous Forest (Taiga): further north, Russian, mostly conifers and evergreens, spurs, conifers tend to have an advantage over the flowering plantsGrasslandsSavannas: tropical grass lands, (African Savanna) – with scattered trees Temperate Grassland (Prairie): temperate grass lands“Extreme” BiomesTundra: biome located farthest north where extreme cold is the challenege to the plants and animalsDesert: which a cold and hot desserts, - Comparison of BiomesGeography and LocationClimateSoil Quality: extremely complexed, precipitation, if it’s frozen then its not going to be available. Technically water is therePrecipitation and Water AvailabilitySpecies Diversity (Richness): how many different types of spciees are there in a particular areaCharacteristic Plants: Plant AdaptationsEnvironmental ImpactIntroduction to BiomesGeography – relationship with annual temperature and precipitationWhen you move away you will get the highest temperature around the equator, a lot of trends when you move away. Tropics to polar regions – annual temperature – is going to typically decreaseSpecies diversity is going to decrease when moving away from the equator.Coastal areas and rainfall – rain shadows: mountains can dramatically influence the precipitation, warm moist air will, can have lush grow (water side) and desert on the other side. As air moves in from the ocean across any air mass, you are going to get the most air precipitation. As you move further in you will find more grasslands Relationship between altitude and latitude – Alexander von Humboldt (chart)Relationship of biomes to latitude and altitude:As you move up the latitude then you will find more vegetation, reaching the very top of the altitude you will find ‘tundra’ like vegetation. Tundra – Northern coniferous forest (taiga)Temperate deciduous forest  the extreme range of temperature, during the day it can get extremely hot in the high mountains and at night it can get extremely cold. Relationship between latitude and altitude Tropical rain forest - - Vegetation is less similar at high altitude in the tropical regions than the temperate; tropical mountains have “summer every day and winter every night” that give rise to unique plant life (see picture) Soil QualityInorganic componentsMineral components: how rich is the soil in terms of:Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)Particle size – sand, silt, and claySand – allow water and air to move (the biggest). Makes it easier for root systems to go through. Two buck sand it can go in deeper in the root system in where it can reach. It leaches a lot of the soil, the extremely sandy areas don’t hold water very well and poor in nutrients. Smaller particle help to hold the water and nutrients in place. Silt – the second biggestClay – hold water and minerals (the smallest). Mostly clay then it’s hard for root systems to go through. The Clay can make a layer in which it causes the water to not go through the layer. You want a mixture of these particlesOrganic componentsHumus – holds water and releases nutrients. Decaying plant material, acts as a mulch that holds the water in the soil as the plant continues to decay it will release more nutrients in the soil. You want as much as you can get, dessert usually doesn’t have much, foresthave a good amount. Also allows earthworms and other soil organismsFire – presence of dry, combustible material. Fire is a natural component of much ecosystems. Biomes are mostly fire adaptive, they require frequent fires to burn through the plants due to adaption from seed germination improving to fire preventing other plants to coming in. Fire has became a standard part in wilderness management. Rethought and understood. The bark is help protect through the fire, if you let the liver build up the fire can grow hot where. The apical meristem is burnt then you have a dead tree.Tropical rain forest fire doesn’t play much of a role, litter doesn’t accumulate and rainfall keeps what is available wetGrasslands fire plays a large role, seasonal rain and grasses dry as wellSpecies Diversity – numbers of different speciesFrom tropics to polar regions – general trends, decreased diversity as you travel away from the equatorClimate and precipitationGenerally precipitation diminishes as you move away from the equator, but effects of- Rain shadows (mountains)- Position within a continent or land mass- Ocean moistureCharacteristic plants and plant adaptations- Habitat availability affects plant presence and distribution patterns- Plant can affect local weather patterns –tropical rain forest- Plants help maintain soil characteristics – grasslandsEnvironmental impact – human activity- Human activity has impacted most of the world’s biomes tremendouslySeven major terrestrial biomes - Global Geographical DistributionForest Biomes1. Tropical Rain Forest – shade of green. Occur closest to the equator, the amazon of South America, intensive, central Africa has extensive tropical rain forest. Long ago (5-10 million) Africa was covered with this, our ancestors were adapted to the forest, as it started to diminish then it start to replace the ancestors started to become grassland creatures. Southeast Asia2. Temperate Deciduous Forest – lime green shade. Most of the eastern part of north America, much of Europe, see the western side of Australia, some in Asia as well.3. Northern Coniferous Forest (Taiga)Grasslands1. Savannas – south America, the pompous, the trees will be scattered, Africa have extensive fields of Savannas. African Savanna2. Temperate Grassland (Prairie) – lavender, temperate grass land, lower part of South America, part of Asia, most of all the prairies you find wheat and corn and domesticated plants. “Extreme” Biomes1. Tundra – dark blue.


View Full Document
Download Final Exam Study Guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?