BIOL 120 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last LectureI. Photosystems II. Non cyclic III. Cyclic IV. Calvin CycleV. Photorespiration Outline of Current LectureI. Other types of photosynthesis II. Meiosis OverviewCurrent LectureI. Other types of Photosynthesis A. C3 pathway1. Plants that fix carbon using the Calvin Cycle 2. Uses Rubisco enzyme 3. Affinity for CO2 and O2B. C4 Pathway1. adds CO2 to PEP to form 4 carbon molecules 2. Uses PEP carboxylase 3. affinity for CO24. Spatial solutionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5. Occurs in mesophyll cell and Bundle sheath cells a). PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 in mesophyll making it C3 for Calvin Cycleb). Calvin Cycle occurs in Bundle sheath cells6. Separated in space (mesophyll and bundle sheath cells)7. Requires 12 additional ATP to produce a single glucose C. CAM Pathway1. same as C4 except a temporal solution and both minimize photorespiration when stomata are closed 2. during the night plants take in CO2 and temporarily fix it into acid because hot climates so stomata needs to remain closed during the day 3. During the day stored CO2 is released and used by the Calvin cycle 4. Seperated by reaction times (day and night)II. Meiosis OverviewA. Key Concepts 1. is a type of reduction division leads to formation of eggs and sperm (gametogenesis) 2. each cell produced by meiosis receives different gene combinations on chromosomes 3. Offspring are genetically distinct NOT identical cells4. 4 daughter cells are formed with 23 chromosomes in each 5. Hypothesis of Meiosis: genetically variable offspring are more likely to thrive inenvironments where parasites and disease are common B. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction1. During sexual reproduction sperm and egg cells unite to form an individual 2. Meiosis is nuclear division that comes before the formation of gametes halving of chromosome numberC. Types of Chromosomes1. Karyotype the number and types of chromosomes present in an organism2. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual 3. Autosomes all chromosomes that are not sex ones4. Gametes have 1 pair of sec chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes 5. Homologous chromosomes of the same type (carry same gene in the same location, but may contain different alleles)a). gene a section of DNA that influences one or more hereditary traits b). different versions of a specific gene are called
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