Chiba: Advanced Nonruminant Nutrition Feedstuffs - Study Questions Page 1 Feedstuffs (1 Week) (Lee I. Chiba, Auburn University) General Approach?  Should go through appropriate sections of the Animal Nutrition Handbook and references listed under those sections and become familiar with the pertinent topics.  Should be able to respond appropriately/adequately to each of the study questions listed under each section, which can be:  Directly out of the Animal Nutrition Handbook.  Related to the topic in the handbook, but need a little thinking and(or) overall comprehension of the topic.  A general question that can be answered with some common knowledge, common sense, and(or) "general reading" on the subject.  Any questions on a particular question or topic, should be forwarded to the instructor for some clarification or guidance via E-mail [[email protected]]. [Please keep in mind that we may not be able to respond promptly simply because of the number of students and other commitments, even though we'll try our best!] Animal Nutrition Handbook?  Feedstuffs in the Section 18 [Animal Nutrition Handbook" - Available at http://www.ag. auburn.edu/~chibale/animalnutrition.html]  Pages: 575 to 633. Relevant Subjects/Topics?  Variability, availability, and diet formulation in pages 587 to 590.  Feed ingredients in general in pages 591 to 596.  Common feed ingredients in pages 596 to 603.  Feed additives in pages 603 to 608.  Processing of feed ingredients and(or) diets in pages 613 to 617.  Composition of common feed ingredients in pages 617 to 633. Feedstuff Section in General? Advanced Nonruminant Nutrition Fall Semester, 2014Chiba: Advanced Nonruminant Nutrition Feedstuffs - Study Questions Page 2  For this section, perhaps, it would be more appropriate to focus on some "global or fundamental ideas or issues" . . . rather than dealing with some specific feedstuff(s) individually, that is!  From that standpoint, some general knowledge, general reading, and other references on feedstuffs might be more important than the content of the handbook per se simply because some of those ideas and issues are likely to be associated with or important for nutrition as a whole! Diet Formulation in General?  In the commercial food animal production, the main objective of diet formulation is to maximize profits. Improving the efficiency of feed utilization is undoubtedly important in achieving such a goal, and also it can contribute greatly to alleviating the public concerns on the environmental impact of food animal production. With that in mind, what would be some of your fundamental ideas or philosophy in formulating efficient/effective diets for food producing nonruminant animals? [For instance, our ultimate research goal is to make a contribution to the development of "environmentally-friendly, optimum feeding strategies" for successful and sustainable pig production. And, we personally feel that it would be important for us to consider, e.g., biological variations in the animal and energy and nutrient sources, bioavailability and stability of nutrients in feedstuffs, interactions among some factors, and others in developing such feeding strategies.] [. . . Obviously, there is no clear answer or response for this question, so . . .] Alternative Feedstuffs?  In the commercial food animal production, using high-quality energy and(or) nutrient sources in satisfying the nutritional needs may not be always possible, and we may have to use so called "alternative feedstuffs" in doing so!? How would you feel about the use of those alternative feedstuffs in formulating efficient/effective diets for food producing nonruminant animals? [. . . Or, what would be your basic or fundamental ideas/approach in using some alternative feedstuffs in formulating such diets!?] [. . . Obviously, there is no clear answer or response for this question, so . . .] Fibrous Feedstuffs?  Often, alternative feedstuffs or alternative energy sources are high in fiber, which are, generally, utilized less efficiently by most nonruminant species.Chiba: Advanced Nonruminant Nutrition Feedstuffs - Study Questions Page 3 [We don't even have to mention that, in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, there are some other components of cell walls such as pectin, structural proteins, and lignin, and there is a wide variation in the proportion of those components. That is, we cannot really say "fiber is fiber!?"] There are a lot of interest in using fiber for nonruminant animals, and what would you think some of the beneficial aspects of using so called "fiber (. . . including those considered as a prebiotic)?" At the same time, there might be some problems in using fiber for nonruminant species. What would you think some of the fundamental difficulties associated with the use of fiber? [. . . Obviously, there is no clear answer or response for these questions, so . . .] Fibrous Feedstuffs and Enzyme Supplementation?  In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the use of exogenous enzyme or enzyme complex/cocktail for the commercial, e.g., pig and poultry production. How would you feel about using/taking advantage of such enzymes for food producing nonruminant animals? [. . . Obviously, there is no clear answer or response for this question, so . . .] Protein Supplements, Availability, and Anti-nutritional Factors?  How would you describe some of the major differences between "animal and plant" protein sources/supplements? For instance, in terms of anti-nutritional factors, bioavailability of amino acids, and others?  Soybean meal is the most widely used protein supplement in many animal diets, and it is the standard to which other protein sources are compared. There are, however, many feedstuffs that can be used as a protein supplement. Well, what would be your fundamental ideas/philosophy on using some "alternative" protein supplements? For instance, what to use, when to use, how to use, and others? [. . . Obviously, there is no clear answer or response for this question, so . . .] General References on Feedstuffs and Others: • Thacker, P. A., and R. N. Kirkwood. 1990. Nontraditional feed sources for use in swine production.. Butterworth, Stoneham, MA.  Miller, E. R., D. E. Ullrey, and A. J. Lewis. 1991. Swine nutrition. Butterworth-Heinemann,