IPHY 4440 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Nature’s experimentII. Male reproductive system III. Regulation of testis function IV. Other actions of testosteroneOutline of Current Lecture V. The female reproductive system VI. The ovarian structuresVII. Ovulation VIII. The Uterine CycleCurrent LectureI. The female reproductive system A. Estrous vs Menstrual Cyclei. Estrous cycle: period of sexual receptivity only ovulation “heat”ii. Menstrual cycle: monthly soughing of uterine endometrium B. Estrous Behavior in Mammalsi. Lordosis in rodents and positive pressure test in swines ii. Estrus vs. estrous mucus (noun) vs. mucous (adjective)II. The ovarian structuresMany follicles and each follicle consists of oocyte surrounds by granulosa cells and surrounded by theca cells A. The mammalian ovarian cyclei. Two phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase B. Follicular phase: FSH increases follicle growth - Granulosa cells: FSH receptors, secrete inhibin like sertoli cells, P450aroE2- Theca interna cells: LH receptors, secrete androgens like leydig cells - Atresia: follicles degenerate. Can occur at any time interstitual gland and an accessory E2 source C. Mature follicle= graafian follicleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Ovulation Marks the end of the follicular phase by rupturing of follicles oocytes- high LH in mid cycle: “ovulatory LH surge” A. Types of Ovulatorsii. Spontaneousiii. Induced by copulation and ensures sperm for oocyte C. Luteal phase: ruptured follicle LH Corpus Luteam (CL)- This process= luteinization - CL: Progesterone + Estradiol prepares for pregnancy and inhibits gonadotropin release- Luteolysis: CL DegeneratesD. Luteolysis in sheep: Estradiol PGF2a (endocrine) luteolysisE. Luteolysis in primates: CL estrone (autocrine/paracrine) luteolysis IV. The Uterine CycleStructure of uterus: muscular layer (myometrium) -Epithelial layer (endometrium) basal layer that is permanent and dividing also a functional layer (temporary) 3 phases1) Proliferative phase: in the follicular phase 2) Secretory phase: in the luteal phase. Secretion of uterine milk=embryotroph 3) Quiescent for post-luteal phase: meses or menstruation. Sloughing outer endometrium rapid regression =menstrual cycle-most mammals have a period of inactivity, slow regression of endometrium=estrous
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