BIO 1201 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I.Meiosis 2II.GeneticsIII. Outline of Current Lecture IV.GenesV.AllelesVI.Monohybrid CrossesCurrent LectureI. Genes: regions of DNA that specify traitsa. Each chromosome contains a unique set of genesb. Our cells contain two genes for each traitc. We have two copies of each gene, called allelesd. Mendel’s Law of Segregations: different alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes (meiosis)II. Allelesa. Different alleles for a particular gene can be dominant or recessivei. The only way to determine if an allele is dominant or recessive is to have both in an organism and to observe the phenotypeb. If two alleles are in an organism, but you only see one of the traits, the one observed is dominant and the one that is hidden is recessivec. By convention, dominant alleles are capitalized and recessive alleles are lower case (T vs.t)III. Monohybrid Crosses: follow one gene or traita. Need to start with true breeding variety to make sure alleles are the same—breed for several generationsb. Homozygous: tt or TTc. Heterozygous: Ttd. P generation: parentse. F1: first offspring generationf. F2 second offspring generationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.g. If you cross two F1 animals you can predict what the offspring will look like using punnett squares.h. Examples of punnet squares: 3 dominant: 1 recessive 4:0 2:2T TT TT TTt Tt Ttt tT Tt Ttt tt ttT tT TT Ttt Tt
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