COMM 122 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. NewsII. Advanced Wireless ServicesIII. Digital TV ChannelIV. TV Assembled in LinesV. Traditional TV CameraVI. Types of ScanningVII. Types of IntervalsOutline of Current Lecture I. Distribution and RelaysII. Different systemsIII. Institutions and technology IV. 1990’s Quest forCurrent LectureAs more storage gets moved The Cloud, the storage isn’t necessary - Everything is now available online  DVD sales (physical media) are lower and going away Distribution and Relays: make networking possible- Simultaneous delivery of a network at the same timeThree ways to interconnect broadcast stations:- Cable (coaxial cable)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Microwaveo Microwave repeaters: high frequency signals (regular technology wouldn’t pick up) each would receive a signal then send it on to the next one (every 30 milesthere would be these microwave repeaters) - Satellite (goes up to the satellite then down to as many receivers)—geostationary orbit (between space and earth—very stable)o Big satellites continued to get smaller and more powerful (11-15 GHZ Ku Band)DBTS/DTHo Went from being a marginal portion to 30% of the country is receiving their TV through satellites today o Internet/Mobile: can bypass traditional stations/without cable subscription /without satellite subscription (Over The Top)o Massive audiences being exposed to the same thing at the same time  Streaming, on demand is allowing us to watch things when and where wewantDifferent Systems:- Aereo: way to get broadcast signals live without going through cable (Rented you an antenna then on a mobile device you could pick up live broadcasto Bad for cable because they aren’t getting their retransmission fees Said they can’t just use their signals Networks sued and Supreme court agreed - Hopper: DVR that lets you automatically skip commercials when you record the programo Networks losing billions of dollars Disney and Dish made their own deal—Dish agreed to pay money to Disney and also agreed to carry Disney channel programs Reciprocal effects of institutions (Regulations—constantly changing) and technology - VCR: reached over 90% of the country 10 years ago (Because Institutional decisions)o Told Sony that they can’t make copies and sell them (taking copyrighted program and selling them) Home recording of TV shows for personal use—no reason why people can’t make their own recordings (courts ruled that the VCR isn’t illegal—this is when it became popular—regulations that made the VCR take off)- You could watch the program at others times rather than just liveo More people had VCR than DVR  VCR Penetration has continued to drop since 2003- 2003: 92%- 2014: 48%- 2010: VCR plus (Every single TV program had an 8 digit number—all you had to do is program your VCR for your area, plug in 8 digit number then it would record)- 2007: Digital Tuners Required (before all VCR had an analog tuner)—regulations killed the VCR1990’s Quest for: - ITV (Interactive TV)—actively be engaged with your TV (take control—interact with your TV)o Said you could choose whatever camera angleo You can change the ending of showso Primary objective: to make it easier to buy stuff- VOD (Video Dial Tone): punch something in then you can call any program you want o “TV Everywhere”o Do we need a DVR if we can see everything we want on On demand?  Networks hate DVD because you can skip commercials VOD is now available in 60% of homes from 43% five years ago Number of On Demand programs (titles per month) is 28,180  If a network has a show that’s on the air then it moves to on demand—they take the commercials and put the same commercial on the show for the next week- HDTV (High Definition TV)- DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting—now HD o All available from satellites (available for free—no monthly subscription) Every station would send a signal that would stay with them  Radio broadcasters didn’t want this because it would put them out of business- FCC made sure that nothing would happen—took 10 years to come up with rules (Delayed to protect the radio industry)o IBOC: In Band, On Channel (the digital signals of each station would be able to impose their digital position in the exact same spot) o Sound quality much