OutlineLecturePSY 2301 1st Edition Lecture 15OutlineI. Personality PsychologyA. 1st ForceB. 2nd ForceC. 3rd ForceD. Intermediate ForcesI. PsychoanalysisII. Topographic Model (“old model”) (thrown out by Freud)III. Structural Model (“new model”)IV. Examples of Structural ModelV. AnxietyVI. Is Homophobia Associated with Homosexual Arousal? VII. Adams et al. (1996) continuedVIII. ResultsIX. DiscussionX. Summary of Freudian Personality TheoryXI. Defense MechanismsXII. You are angry with a professor because they are critical of youLectureI. Personality PsychologyA. 1st Force1. Psychoanalysis2. Europea. Freud, JungB. 2nd Force1. Radical Behaviorism2. USAa. Skinner, WatsonC. 3rd Force1. Humanism2. Europe and USAa. Rogers, MaslowD. Intermediate Forces1. Trait Theoriestsa. Cattell, Eysenck2. SLT/CBTa. Michenbaum, Beck3. Neo-Freudiana.I. PsychoanalysisA. Freud’s theory was a huge blow to our common beliefs about the human condition1. Irrational/impulsive2. Unconscious3. Sexual and aggressive instinctsB. Not just a theory; led to the development of a school of therapy1. PsychoanalysisC. Personality as a developmental trajectory+++II. Topographic Model (“old model”) (thrown out by Freud)A. Unconscious1. Contains all of our drives, urges, and instincts2. Motivates us through our speech,, feelings, and behaviorsa. Parapraxesi. “Freudian slips”B. Preconscious1. Thoughts that are not conscious but can readily and easily be made so2. E.g., a telephone numbera. Two sourcesi. Can come from either direction of Unconscious and ConsciousC. Conscious1. Plays the least important roleIII. Structural Model (“new model”)A. Id (It, outside of you, not yet owned)1. Present at birth, most primitive, unconsciousB. Ego (I, owned) +++++++++1. Develops at 2 years old2. Is the point of balance between the id, superego, and the environmentC. Superego (above me)1. Develops at 4-6 years of age2. Evolves through interactions with parentsIV. Examples of Structural ModelA. Stealing1. Ida. “I want it now”2. Egoa. “Maybe I can find a compromise”3. Superegoa. “Nice people don’t do that”V. AnxietyA. Anxiety, according to Freud, is a feeling of impending danger 1. Similar to fear but without a specific feared objectB. Results from conflict with unacceptable instinctual urges 1. Sexual urges aggressionC. The greatest danger of anxiety is that it will overwhelm the egoD. Defense mechanisms work to alleviate anxiety and regulate instinctual drivesVI. Is Homophobia Associated with Homosexual Arousal? A. Rationale1. 90% of gay and lesbian women have been targets of verbal/abuse threats, and 1/3rd have been victims of violenceB. Causes of homophobia are unclear; psychoanalytic explanation is that it is due to anxiety about the possibility of being or becoming a homosexual (latent homosexuality – homosexual arousal that the individual is unaware of or denies [LH])VII. Adams et al. (1996) continuedA. Rationale continued1. Therefore, some individuals with LH may experience negativity or irrational attitudestoward homosexual because they feel guilty about their own erotic interests (unconscious or not). 2. “… when placed in a situation that threatens to excite their own LH, they overreact with panic or anger.”B. Investigated the role of homosexual arousal in heterosexual men who manifest negative affect toward homosexual individualsC. Ss:1. 39 homophobic men and 29 nonD. Shown erotic videos consisting of heterosexual, male homosexual, and lesbianE. DV1. Changes in penile circumference (PC)VIII. ResultsA. Both groups showed in increase in PC to the heterosexual and lesbian videosB. Only the homophobic men showed an increase in PC to the male homosexual videosC. The two groups were comparable on a measure of aggression (no difference)IX. DiscussionA. Bottom Lin Interpretation1. Homophobia is apparently associate with homosexual arousal that the individual is either unaware of or deniesB. Problems with study?X. Summary of Freudian Personality TheoryA. Deterministic1. We are making choices that are dictated by the id, ego, and superegoa. Genetics, development, environment, growth, how one was raisedB. Unconscious forces are extremely important; what is important is under the surfaceC. Basic nature of humans is immoral and through development of the superego a moral being is createdXI. Defense MechanismsA. DM are adaptive (!) via reduction of anxietyB. Everyone uses themC. They protect us form being consciously aware of a thought or feeling which we cannot tolerateD. The defense only allows the unconscious thought or feeling to be expressed INDIRECTLY in a disguised formXII. You are angry with a professor because they are critical of youA. Denial1. You completely reject the thought or feeling 2. “I’ not angry with them!”B. Suppression1. You are vaguely aware of the thought or feeling, but try to hide it2. “I’m going to try to be nice to