Everyone has the capacity to experience passion through our biology, but not everyone will. The biochemical bases for love is we have dophamine neurotransmitters that makes falling in love like you’re in drugs. But this feeling doesnt last forever.ANTY 101D 1st Edition Exam #2 Study Guide • Bronislaw MalinowskiHe studied and believe in the idea of functionalism. His thought was that everyone and everything has its on job and works together to form culture; we all have the same goal.• Franz BoasHe studied and believed in cultural relativity. He disassociated biology from culture. Looked into the Inuit people and realized that every group is a result of their historical trajectory and how well they have adapted. Culture is too complex to compare.• Margaret MeadShe studied ethnography as a cultural critique. She believed that we must understand others before we can understand ourselves. Realizing we don’t all have the same goal.• Richard LeeStudied cultural anthropology by living with the Dobe Ju’hoansi to try to understand their foraging society and how it functions.• CronkCultural and Evolutionary Anthropologist who studied the idea of reciprocity within the practice of gift exchange. His theories and studies incorporate both culture and what we know about evolution.• What is participant observation and why was it significant? Who is it associated with?This is a data collection method where the anthropologist will put themselves within a particular culture to try to understand their culture. Richard Lee did this we the Dobe Ju, Malinowski didthis with the Tropiand Islanders. It is significant because it allows the anthropologist to experience their culture first hand instead of studying it through other methods.• What are historical particularism and cultural relativity? Who is it associated with?Cultural Relativity is the idea that you look at other cultures with the fact that no culture issuperior to another culture in mind. They are not judged in relation to one another.Historical particularism is the idea that each culture is an outgrowth of distinct historical trajectory; not static.This is associated with anthropologists. They must look at other cultures leaving their social norms and cultural traditions behind.I.What are the problems of subjectivity and objectivity in relation toethnographic fieldwork? While anthropologists are doing participant observation and living within these people’sculture, it is hard to stay an objective third party to the entire collection of data. It is veryeasy to become close with the people whom they are studying.• What is a subsistence system? How is it related to other aspects ofculture/social organization Subsistence system is how people get their food/nutrientsThis is what creates society. Its the basis of social, economic, and political systems: population, gender equality, kinship, belief systems. All of these things play a role in how they get their food and nutrients. For example, the Ju subsistence systems divides the labor between men and women: hunting for men and gathering for women. They also insult the meat which tells a lot about how much they value their egalitarian society.• How does this relate to food procurement v. food productionThere are two different types of societies: food procuring societies and food producing societies. Food procuring societies are the foraging or hunting/gathering societies such as the Ju. Food producing is what we live in today: Pastoralism and Cultivation. The Ju reject any suggestions to farm.• Understand the Dobe Ju subsistence system, particularly in terms of workeffort and division of labor, as contrasted with life in modern USThe labor is divided between the men and the women: men are hunters and the women are gatherers. But to ensure their egalitarian society, they do not value one over the other. To ensure no one will become arrogant due to their hunting skills, they insult the meat meaning they welcome a hunter who has gotten a kill with insults and wishes that they could have done better. The work effort consists of a lot more leisure time than we have in our society. They ensure that everyone has equal access to goods and the food is distributed equally.• EthnocentrismJudgment of other cultures relative to your own culture. Thinking your culture is superior to other cultures.• EgalitarianA society without formalized differences in the access of power, influence, and wealth• Social StratificationCondition where people are hierarchically divided and ranked relatively to each other• Reciprocitya mutual or cooperative interchange of favors or privileges, especially the exchange ofrights, gifts or privileges of trade between individuals or groups as in the transfer of goods or services between two or more individuals or groups.• CultureThe learned patterns of behavior and thought that help a group adapt to it's surroundings.• Unilineal (Unilateral) descent vs. Bilateral descentCognatic or Bilateral Decsent: both sides of the family as related to kinshipUnilineal: one side of the family is part of your kinship; matrilineal and patrilineal;Usually associated with tribal societies.• Know which people would be considered your kin in matrilineal systemConsanguines & affines Consanguines: SexAffines: generation• Emic v. Etic (in relation to kinship charts)Emic: internal to the culture; uncle in USEtic: External to the culture; mothers brother• Bands (egalitarian) v. Tribes (ranked) v. Chiefdoms (stratified) v. StatesBands: egalitarian and mobile such as the Dobe Ju, limited ownership of anything, no surpluses producedTribes: ranked societies, mobile or sedentary. Achieved statuses, no wealth accumulation, corporate ownership of resources.Chiefdoms: Stratified societies, typically sedentary. Inherited status, kinship primary foundation. Elite and commoner status: “power over” society.States: bureaucratic and complex stratification, sedentary• Bride Service v. Bride Price v. DowryBride Service: Ju’hoansi: the marriage is arranged and involves many years of gift exchange between families before they get married. Reciprocity.Bride Price: give gifts to the brides kin before marriage (compensate for the family they're taking)Dowry: property or money brought by bride to husband on their marriage. Incentive to stay married• What ‘leveling mechanisms’ or norms do the Ju use in